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Question
Let A = {1, 2, 3}, and let R1 = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (2, 1), (3, 3)}, R2 = {(2, 2), (3, 1), (1, 3)}, R3 = {(1, 3), (3, 3)}. Find whether or not each of the relations R1, R2, R3 on A is (i) reflexive (ii) symmetric (iii) transitive.
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Solution
(1) R1
Reflexivity:
Here,
(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) ∈R
So, R1 is reflexive.
Symmetry:
Here,
(2,1) ∈ R1,but (1,2) ∉ R1
So, R1 is not symmetric.
Transitivity :
Here, (2, 1) ∈R1 and (1, 3)∈R1, but (2, 3)∉R1
So, R1 is not transitive.
(2) R2
Reflexivity :
Clearly, (1, 1) and (3, 3)∉R2
So, R2 is not reflexive.
Symmetry:
Here, (1, 3) ∈ R2 and (3, 1) ∈ R2
So, R2 is symmetric.
Transitivity :
Here, (1,3) ∈ R2 and (3,1) ∈ R2
But (3, 3)∉R2
So, R2 is not transitive.
(3) R3
Reflexivity :
Clearly, (1,1) ∉ R3
So, R3 is not reflexive.
Symmetry:
Here, (1, 3) ∈ R3, but (3, 1) ∉ R3
So, R3 is not symmetric.
Transitivity :
Here, (1, 3) ∈ R3 and (3, 3) ∈ R3
Also, (1, 3) ∈ R3
So, R3 is transitive.
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