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प्रश्न
Read the following extract and extend it by adding an imaginary paragraph of your own in about 120 words:
[You may begin with: Mrs. Green: May I come in.......]
"May I come in?" asked the pink lady.
"Please come in," said my mother. "Do sit down. Do you require a room'?"
"Not today, thank you. I'm staying with Padre Dutt.
He insisted on putting me up. But I may want room for a day or two -- lust for old time's sake."
"You've stayed here before."
''A long time ago. I'm Mrs. Green, you know. The missing
Mrs. Green. The one for whom you put up that handsome tombstone in the cemetery. I was very touched by it. And I'm glad you didn't add 'Beloved wife of Henry Green' because I didn't' love him any more than he loved me.''
''Then - then - you aren't the skeleton?'' stammered my
mother.
''Do I look like a skeleton?''
''No!'' we said together.
· ''But we heard you disappeared,'' I said, ''and when we found that skeleton -''
''You put two and two together.''
''Well, it was Miss Kellner who convinced us,'' said my
mother. ''And you did disappear mysteriously. You were missing for years. And everyone knew Mr. Green was a philanderer!''
''Couldn't wait to get away from him," said the pink lady.
'Couldn't stand him anymore. He was a lady-killer, but not a real killer.''
''But your father ca1ne looking for you. Didn't you get in touch with him?''
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उत्तर
Mrs. Green: May I come in?
Mother: Please come in, Do sit down. Would you require a room"?
Mrs. Green: "Not today, thank you. I'm staying with Padre Dutt. He insisted on putting me up. But I may want a room for a day or two Just for old time's sake".
Mother: Have you stayed here before?
Mrs. Green: 'A long time ago. I'm Mrs. Green, you know. The missing Mrs.Green. The one for whom you put up that handsome tombstone in the cemetery. I was very touched by it. And I'm glad you didn't add 'Beloved Wife if Henry Green' because I didn't love him any more than he loved me".
My Mother: Then-then you aren't the skeleton?
Mrs. Green: Do I look like a skeleton?
(No, writer and his mother both said together. But we heard that you disappeared & when we found that skeleton you two & two together)
Mother: Well, it was Miss Kellner who convinced us. And you did disappear mysteriously. You were missing for years. And everyone knew Mr. Green was a philanderer.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
A1. Information Transfer (Non-verbal to verbal)
'Transfer the following information into a paragraph form.
Manuscripts collected from both students and teachers.
↓
Throughly screened, necessary additions, alterations. omissions are made.
↓
Preparing a rough draft
↓
Manuscripts along with a dummy sent to the printer
↓
Proof correction
↓
Sent for final printing
OR
A2. Here are some tips about keeping healthy as given in a Science magazine. Read and
write in the form of Do's and Don'ts (table):
You must include vegetables and fruits in your diet and drink a lot of water. You should avoid junk food and aerated water. You shouldn't sit for long period of time. Rather you should exercise regularly. You shouldn't ignore the importance of good breathing habits. Try breathing deeply whenever you think of it. See to it that you leep for at least 7 hour a day. In fact, you should avoid irregular timings.
A1.Books have the power to inspire and do many more things. Observe the web diagram and convert the information into a paragraph. Add a few more points to the given information:
A2. Read the given information and fill the table provided:
Acclaimed in Indian classics as the Kalpavriksha, the all giving tree the coconut palm grows in several states in India. The coconut palm is member of the plant family Arecaceae popularly known as palm family. It flourishes on sandy soils requiring high humidity abundant sunlight and high rainfall for optimal growth. All parts of the palm are used in some way or another in the daily life of the people. Coconut water provides a refreshing and nutritious drink. The firm kernel that line the inside is high in calories and the white milk extracted from it is used in many different ways. Oil extracted from dried mature coconuts is used as cooking oil. The leaves are braided to make thatched roof and mats. The mid ribs of the leaves are dried and tied together to make brooms. The coconut shell and husk are good sources of efficient fuel. During religious ceremonies married women are often presented with a coconut along with a few grains of rice as a symbol of fertility and prosperity.
| Name : | |
| Scientific name : | |
| Place where grown : | |
| Climate required : | |
| Uses : | |
| (a) Liquid | |
| (b) Kernel | |
| (c) Leaves | |
| (d) Shell | |
| Symbolises : |
Read the following tree diagram about 'Morphemes' and write a short paragraph on it.
Read the following Intros of news items. Choose any ONE of them and write the headline, the dateline and a short continuing paragraph for it.
(i) A shortage of onions in Maharashtra has surged prices by 30 percent. It forced the authorities to import onions from abroad.
(ii) The birth anniversary of the late President Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was celebrated yesterday in Saraswati Kanya Pathshala as Teacher's Day.
Read the following extract and extend it by adding an imaginary paragraph of your own in about 120 words :
Rosalind and Orlando were married at once in the forest
and on the same day Oliver who was 110 longer selfish and married Celia. Just as they were going to be married, a mess,enger came to ask Duke senior to go back to his dukedom. Celia s fathcr; Duke Frederick, had mended his wicked ways and asked his brother to return.
Frederick had set out with a11 anny to fight the old Duke, but on his way he had met a wise and holy man, who had persuaded him that it was wrong and wicked to drive his elder brother from the court. So Frederick had given up the dukedom and the good.
Duke could go home again. There was great rejoicing in the forest of Arden, under the greenwood tree. Frederick was forgiven and Duke senior and his followers returned from the forest to live happily in their Own homes.
Read the following extract and complete the table given below :
Computer Assisted Language Leaming (CALL) materials come in two main formats: CD/DVD RO Ms and Web-based. Some are tailored to the content to be used in the classrooms whereas others can be used independently. CALL materials allow you to work at your own pace.
Multimedia materials offer you the opportunity to take part in other computer-assisted activities, such as text-based gap-filling, multiple-choice and text reconstruction activities. Language teachers often develop such text-based CALL activities to accompany a particular course. CALL materials can be regularly updated.
Because CALL learning activity types are usually designed from a template, they can sometimes be repetitive.
A major advantage of CALL materials is that they offer instant feedback on your spoken or written performance. However, such feedback can be limited. If you are more interested in creating your own responses or elaborating on your ideas, you may find this type of Facebook frustrating. Web-based CALL materials can offer more variety through the use of hyperlinks, but feedback is still limited.
Just as representations of the cultures of the target language offered by courses using books; audio and videotapes can perpetuate stereotypes.
| Computer Assisted Language Learning Material | ||
| Formats | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| ------------and Web-based | (a) content tailored for classroom use |
(i) ------- |
| (b) ----------- | (ii) limited feedback | |
| (c) ----------- | (iii) --------- | |
| (d) offer opportunity to take part in other computer-assisted activities | (iv)-------- | |
| (e) ----------- | ||
| (f) ----------- | ||
| (g) offer variety | ||
|
Courses
|
Intake capacity
|
Vacant seats
|
|
Engineering:
|
||
|
Degree
|
1, 55, 102
|
42, 497
|
|
Diploma
|
1, 65, 413
|
55, 107
|
|
Post - graduation
|
13, 651
|
1, 810
|
|
Pharmacy:
|
||
|
Degree
|
9, 712
|
924
|
|
Diploma
|
12, 959
|
1, 771
|
|
Post - graduation
|
5, 296
|
3, 506
|
Question:
Read the following graph regarding ‘High Awareness but Little Action’ about organ donation. Write a paragraph based on it in about 120 words:
Read the following extract and extend it by adding an imaginary paragraph of your own in about 120 words :
Someone was standing in the doorway. An elderly woman,
very fluffy, very pink. Her cheeks were pink, her dress was pink,
her hair was bunched up and white. She was straight out of Agatha Christie.
"Miss Marple!" I exclaimed.
''May I come in?" asked the pink lady.
"Please come in " said my mother. ''Do sit down. Do you
require a room?" '
''Not today, thank you. l'm staying with Padre Dutt. He insisted on putting me up. But I may want a room for a day or two - just for old times' sake."
"You've stayed here before."
"A long time ago. I'm Mrs Green, you know. The missing
Mrs Green. The one for whom you put up that handSome tombstone in the cemetery. I was very touched by it. And I'm glad you didn't add ' Beloved "wife of Henry Green ', because I didn't love him any more than he loved me."
Information Transfer Non-Verbal to Verbal :
Observe the following web-chart carefully and write two short paragraphs of ‘Advantages of watching Television’ with the help of the points given.
Read the following paragraph about ‘The causes of pollution and the possible solutions’ and tabulate the same information.
|
Pollution is the contamination into the natural environment that causes adverse change. Pollution levels are increasing day by day. There are various reasons for it. Air pollution is caused chiefly by industrial pollutants and by increased levels of RSPM due to higher flow of vehicular traffic. Water pollution is caused to a large extent by industrial effluents and the immersion of POP idols. Sound pollution levels have increased due to blaring loudspeakers during festival time and increased volume of traffic. In order to solve the problems of air pollution, the chief method seems to be tree plantation. More and more citizens and NGO’s should take up green causes with civic authorities. We need to protect our forest and conserve our mangroves. In order to solve the problem of water pollution, we need to develop effective waste management techniques. Also eco-friendly idols should be used during festival time. An awareness in general populace is very necessary to solve the problem of sound pollution. Strict enforcement of decibel levels during occasions and festival time by the police is a must. |
Use the following table for your answer.
| Pollution | Caused by | Solution |
Information Transfer :Non-verbal to Verbal
Read the information on the life history of Kalpana Chawla. On the basis of given points write two short paragraphs on her life history. Suggest a suitable title.
Kalpana Chawla : The first Indian woman in space.
Born : 1961, Karnal, a small town of Haryana.
Schooling : Tagore Bal Niketan, Karnal (1976). B.E from Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh.
1984 : Master’s degree in Aerospace Engineering – University of Texas
1986 : Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering – University of Colorado
1995 : Picked up for the space programme by NASA.
1997 : Became the first Indian American in space
January 2003 : Went abroad her second space shuttle Columbia to study the outer atmosphere of the sun.
1st February 2003 : Space shuttle lost contact and crashed claiming Kalpana’s life with six fellow astronauts.Read the information on the life history of Kalpana Chawla. On the basis of given points write two short paragraphs on her life history. Suggest a suitable title.
Kalpana Chawla : The first Indian woman in space.
Born : 1961, Karnal, a small town of Haryana.
Schooling : Tagore Bal Niketan, Karnal (1976). B.E from Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh.
1984 : Master’s degree in Aerospace Engineering – University of Texas
1986 : Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering – University of Colorado
1995 : Picked up for the space programme by NASA.
1997 : Became the first Indian American in space
January 2003 : Went abroad her second space shuttle Columbia to study the outer atmosphere of the sun.
1st February 2003 : Space shuttle lost contact and crashed claiming Kalpana’s life with six fellow astronauts.Read the information on the life history of Kalpana Chawla. On the basis of given points write two short paragraphs on her life history. Suggest a suitable title.
Kalpana Chawla : The first Indian woman in space.
Born : 1961, Karnal, a small town of Haryana.
Schooling : Tagore Bal Niketan, Karnal (1976). B.E from Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh.
1984 : Master’s degree in Aerospace Engineering – University of Texas
1986 : Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering – University of Colorado
1995 : Picked up for the space programme by NASA.
1997 : Became the first Indian American in space
January 2003 : Went abroad her second space shuttle Columbia to study the outer atmosphere of the sun.
1st February 2003 : Space shuttle lost contact and crashed claiming Kalpana’s life with six fellow astronauts.
The following graph shows the number of visitors (in millions) visiting the famous Salarjung Museum in Hyderabad between 2000 and 2010 as well as the number of visitors expected to visit it in the next ten years.
Look at the graph and the paragraph below which provides an interpretation of the data given in the graph.
Graph to show number of whales caught in Antarctic (1985-2010)
As whalers reduced catching of the large/r whales, they switched to smaller species. This is evident when we compare figures for the Antarctic catch of the larger sei whale with those for small minke whale. In 1985, fifteen times as many sei whales as minke whales were caught. By 1995, catches of both the species were virtually the same (9000). By the 2000, the situation had reversed and the number of minke whales killed more than doubled as compared to sei whales (6000). The graph shows that while the sei catch was reduced by 95% between 1985 and 2010, over the same period the minke whale catch was eight times greater. If these trends continue, the situation for the smaller species will be as bad as it used to be for the larger ones.
Discuss with a partner:
1. What expressions have been used for comparing the data? Underline them.
2. Does the analysis identify the main trends? Has any projection or guess been made based on the available data?
3. Can you spot a sentence that summarizes the data or draws a conclusion based on it?
4. Has the analysis been supported with figures from the given data?
5. Is there any unnecessary repetition?
6. How many times has the verb 'be' in its different forms been used? Some useful expressions :
|
{much ,many, far ,slightly, a little} |
more, greater,higher, less, lower, further, farther |
|
{half, twice, ten times, (etc.)} |
as { adj. adv.} as |
|
10 percent 150 percent |
{more less } than |
| almost the same ____ as | |
| as {adj adv.} as |
The graph below describes the average number of hours spent by students aged 11-15 years on two activities (per student per week) in India between 1985 and 2010 and gives projections for 2015. Study the information carefully and then write a paragraph interpreting the data. Include the following:
• A comparison of the trends in the two activities
• A comparison of the situation in 1985
• A comparison of the situation between 1985 and 2010
• Predictions for the future
A survey was conducted among the teachers of New Hope High School to find out whether Class X students should be allowed to use mobile phones in the campus. The results of the survey are shown in the pie-chart below.
Look at the pie chart and the useful expressions above. Fill in the gaps in the following summary of results.
As can be seen from the above pie-chart, nearly a__________ of the teachers felt that Class X students must not be allowed to use mobile phones in the school campus. However, nearly one____________ believed
the phones should be permitted but not during class hours. About __________were of the opinion that the students may be allowed to use these phones only in times of emergency while a very__________ did not favour any restrictions on their use in the campus.
Observe the following table and transfer the information into a paragraph:
Statewise Distribution of Urban and Rural Population in India:
| States | Population in Millions | |
| Rural | Urban | |
| Maharashtra | 560 | 410 |
| Gujarat | 320 | 190 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 440 | 160 |
| Chhattisgarh | 170 | 40 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 550 | 210 |
| Karnataka | 350 | 180 |
Read the following extract and complete the table given below about 'Types of Diseases':
Health is defined as not simply the absence of disease. It involves a state of feeling well, both in body and in mind.
The diseases may be classified into the following types, Some diseases are present at birth. They are called congenital diseases. They may develop during pregnancy or are inherited, Some of them may be caused by environmental factors. Examples of congenital diseases are Down's syndrome, sickle cell anaemia, cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, etc.
Some diseases are acquired by humans themselves and hence are called Self-Inflicted or Acquired diseases. Examples of acquired diseases are coronary heart diseases, hypertension.
Some diseases are transmitted from one person to another. They are called as Communicable or Infectious diseases. They are caused by biological agents, Examples of communicable diseases are Cholera, Typhoid, Measles, Malaria, etc.
Non- communicable diseases are caused by exogenous factors like physical, chemical, nutritional deficiencies. The examples are Kwashiorkor, Pellagra, Scurvy, and Rickets, etc.
Title
| Sr.No. | Types | Causes |
Examples |
| 1. | Congenital |
o develop during pregnancy o environmental factors |
|
| 2. | Self-Inflicted Acquired | Coronary heart disease. hypertension | |
| 3. | By biological agents | Cholera, typhoid, measles, malaria | |
| 4. | Non-communicable diseases | Kwashiorkor, Pellagra, Scurvy, and Rickets |
Extend the given extract by adding an imaginary paragraph of your own (about 120 words)
A couple of days later, I was walking around the camp, around the barracks, near the barbed-wire fence where the guards could not easily see. I was alone.
On the other side of the fence, I spotted someone: a little girl with light, almost luminous curls. She was half-hidden behind a birch tree.
I glanced around to make sure no one saw me. I called to her softly in German. 'Do you have something to eat?'
She didn't understand.
I inched closer to the fence and repeated the question in polish. She stepped forward. I was thin and gaunt, with rags wrapped around my feet, but the girl looked unafraid. In her eyes, I saw life.
She pulled an apple from her woollen jacket and threw it over the fence.
I grabbed the fruit and, as I started to run away, I heard her say faintly, 'I'II see you tomorrow."
Do anyone of the following activities.
Transfer the given information into a paragraph.
Read the following passage and complete the table
Dialect is a form of a language spoken in one area which may be different from other forms of the same language. Each language has dialects which change every few kilometers. India is a multi-lingual country. Each state follows its own language as official language. For example, Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra, while Ahirani, Wharadi, Konkani and Malwani are its dialects. Several languages in India are spoken but do not have any script. In Karnataka, Kannada is the official language. Tulu is spoken in Karnataka but has no script. In England, English is the official language while Scottish, spoken in Scotland and Welsh spoken in Wales are dialects of English.
| State | Official language | Dialects | Spoken/ Without script |
| Maharashtra | Marathi | ||
| Karnataka | |||
| England |
Look at the table given below and write a short paragraph based on it in about 120 words :
The following table shows irregular rainfall causing low groundwater level in Nashik district, and Talukawise its worst hit villages.
| Drop in water level | Talukas | |||
| 0 to 1 meter | Nashik, Igatpuri, Niphad, Chandwad, Kalwan, Deola, Tryambakeshwar | |||
| 1 to 2 meters | Sinnar, Yeola, Nandgaon, Satana, Malegaon | |||
| Worst Hit Areas | ||||
| Talukas | Situation over coming months | |||
| Oct.-Dec. | Jan-Mar. | Apr.-June | Total | |
| Igatpuri | 01 | 06 | 49 | 56 |
| Malegaon | 31 | 54 | 37 | 122 |
| Nandgaon | 08 | 17 | 37 | 62 |
| Niphad | 01 | 04 | 47 | 52 |
| Source: Times of India, Nashik Times, City Edn. Date: Oct. 18, 2018 |
||||
Transfer the information into a paragraph:
Read the following web diagram to transform into a paragraph:
Read the following paragraph and transfer the information in the form of a tree diagram:
|
The United Nations was established at the end of the second world war to maintain international peace and security. The UN has several specialized agencies such as the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). |
(i) Read the following tree diagram and find out more information about opportunities in ‘on and off the shore’ the Indian Navy.
(ii) Required qualifications and various fields/opportunities for women to join in the Navy.
(iii) Colleges that provide education in oceanography -
- National Institute of Oceanography, Goa
- National Institute of Oceanography, Mumbai
- MBA (Logistic Shipping Management), IIKM Business School, Calicut, Kerala
- Indira Gandhi College of Distance Education IGCDE Tamil Nadu.
Information Transfer:
1) Non-verbal to verbal:
Read the information given in the following tree diagram regarding “Types of vitamins” Write a paragraph with the given points and give suitable title to it.
OR
2) Verbal to Non-Verbal:
Your friend lives in red zone area of COVID 19 epidemic. In order to take safety measures at entrances of building, here are some tips to reduce risk of infection. Put the instructions in do's and don't.
- You should wash your hands often.
- Use soap and water or sanitizer.
- You should cover your mouth and nose if you cough or sneeze
- You should not get close to anyone who is suffering from cold, fever or cough.
- If you go out you should not touch the animals.
- You should keep atleast 1 meter physical distance between yourself and other person.
- You should not shake your hands with others.
- You should try to avoid crowd/mass gathering.
| Do’s | Don’t | |
Information Transfer:
1) Non-verbal to verbal:
Write two short paragraphs on ‘Village life’ by using the points given in the following web diagram:
OR
2) Verbal to Non-verbal:
Read the following paragraph and complete the table by putting in the correct information. Suggest a suitable title.
|
While preparing to plant trees in a residential colony, highways or anywhere, one should consider three factors for taking a decision. What kind of (species) trees, where to plant and what kind of soil. One should consider the qualities of a tree such as a pattern of branching and its height. |
Title: __________________________________
| Kinds of trees | Where to plant | Uses |
| 1) Shade-giving (short trees) |
________________ | a) Children climb and play b) Enjoy shade of a tree |
| 2) ___________ ______________ (tall trees) |
Residential colonies | a) Withstand the wind b) _____________ |
| 3) ______________ (native trees) |
Rode side/highway | a) Birds and animals interact more with the native trees. b) Villagers consider them sacred. |
Verbal to Non-verbal:
Write Do’s and Don’ts for ‘In the Examination Hall’. Suggest a suitable title.
You should carry all necessary materials for exam such as pens, pencils, erasers, scale, geometrical box etc. You should not forget your identity card and hall tickets. After you enter the examination hall, keep all required things on your desk. You should follow the instructions given by the invigilator. You must read the question paper carefully. You should avoid observing other students because their tension might disturb you. You need not feel upset even if you notice other students writing very speedily. You stay calm. In any case do not talk to any of the students during the exam. It’s advisable to drink sufficient water before you enter the exam hall. Last but not the least, don’t forget to check all answers in last 10 minutes, before submitting your answer sheet to the invigilator.
Study the concept chart from the self-help magazine section of a monthly publication.
Write a paragraph in not more than 120 words, analysing the listed responses to the situation when one faces setbacks.
Non-verbal to verbal
Read the information from the given bar graph and write it in paragraph form.
Transfer the given information in the form of a paragraph.
THE WATER CYCLE PROCESS
Verbal to Non-verbal
Read the information from the given paragraph and write it into a tree diagram.
| There are different kinds of musical instruments. They are divided into three main classes according to the way that they are played. Some instruments are played by blowing air into them. These are called wind instruments. Some of these are said to be of the wood wind family. Examples of woodwind instruments are the flute, the clarinet and the horn. There are also various other wind instruments such as the mouth organ and the bagpipes. Some instruments are played by banging or striking them. Instruments like this are called percussion instruments. The last big group of musical instruments have strings. There are two kinds of stringed instruments. Examples are the harp and the guitar, the violin and the cello. |
Non-Verbal to Verbal
Transfer the given information in the form of a paragraph.
Non-Verbal to Verbal:
Write the given information in the form of a paragraph:
Distribution of working children by type of work in 2011
| Area of work | Percentage | Number (in millions) |
| Cultivators | 26.0 | 2.63 |
| Agricultural labourers | 32.9 | 3.33 |
| Household workers | 5.2 | 0.52 |
| Other workers | 35.8 | 3.62 |
Verbal to Non-Verbal
Read the information in the given paragraphs and complete the table:
| Man and forest live in a close relationship. The forest fulfils most of man's needs. He collects resin, cane, timber, food and fruits from forests. The fallen branch gives him firewood. Trees purify the polluted air. But men have been unkind towards the forest for a few years. People must be made aware of the value of forests. Planting campaigns should be launched. The government of the world should enforce severe laws against wrongdoers. Vast areas of forest lands should be declared nature reserves. Scientists and engineers should be encouraged to find substitutes for wood like bamboo, hemp, etc. |
| ITEM | INFORMATION |
| Products of forest | |
| Firewood comes from | |
| Forests should be declared | |
| Substitutes for wood |
Non-verbal to verbal:
The following diagram shows important factors to be considered while choosing a career. Write a paragraph based on it. Give a suitable title to it:
Gurmeet Kaur is an aspiring candidate for a public- funded engineering college in the suburbs. She belongs to a nearby village, has minimal technological skills and exposure, has the required cut-off percentage and is looking for a complete or partial scholarship.
Write a paragraph in about 100-120 words analysing her SWOT notes to support your stand on whether she should /not join the college.
|
STRENGTH
|
WEAKNESS
|
|
OPPORTUNITIES
|
THREAT
|
A group of enterprising young adults conducted a survey on reopening of educational institutions in the National Capital.
Write a paragraph in about 120 words analysing the listed responses.
A survey was conducted in the National Capital in over twenty schools about 40 different activities that interest the children in the age group of 13 years to 15 years. Write a paragraph in not more than 120 words, analyzing the following information.
Given below is a web diagram containing information about the different means of electronic devices of entertainment-some audio, some visual and some audio-visual.
Write a short paragraph based on information from the web. Give a suitable title to it.
(A1) Verbal to Non-Verbal:
Read the following information and complete the flowchart for the same, and give a suitable title.
|
Sugar beet grows through the summer and is harvested in autumn and winter. When it arrives on site, the sugar beet is washed. The sugar beet is sliced into thin strips called cossettes.‘These thin strips are mixed with hot water to extract the sugar and a lime solution is added to the raw juice to remove any impurities. |
Non-verbal to verbal:
Read the information given in the following tree-diagram and write two short paragraphs based on it. Give a suitable title to your write up:
