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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Glucose on oxidation with dilute nitric acid gives _______________
The glycosidic linkage in maltose is formed between _______________
Draw the structure of α-D glucopyranose.
Write the name of the unit to which glucose unit is linked to from sucrose.
Write chemical reaction for following conversions
glucose into gluconic acid
What is the action of the following reagents on glucose?
hydrogen iodide
Write a commercial method for preparation of glucose.
What is monosaccharide?
Draw the structure of the pyran.
Identify the bond that links the carbon of two adjacent monosaccharides.
Identify the substances having glycosidic bond and peptide bond, respectively in their structure:
From the following identify the group that is exclusively consists of polysaccharides.
Match the Column I and Column II select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Monosaccharides | a. | Stored energy in animals |
| ii. | Glycogen | b. | Polymer made from ß-glucose molecules |
| iii. | Cellulose | c. | Exoskeleton of arthropods |
| iv. | Chitin | d. | Building blocks of carbohydrates |
| e. | Plant hormone |
Chitin is a/an ______.
The number of asymmetric carbon atoms in the glucose molecule is ____________.
Identify the CORRECT combination.
Match the columns and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Starch | a. | Animal storage molecule |
| ii. | Cellulose | b. | Plant storage molecule |
| iii. | Glycogen | c. | Heparin |
| iv. | Heteropolysaccharide | d. | Plant cell wall component |
Which reagent among the following is used to confirm presence of aldehydic carbonyl group in glucose?
Which among the following type of linkages is present in cellulose?
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding glucose.
Which element among the following is not present in saccharine?
\[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Br ->[Na][dry ether] A ->[Cl2] B}\]
Identify the product B in the above reaction.
Which one of the following is generally applicable to polysaccharides?
Which of the following molecules reduces Fehling's solution?
Which following reagent is used to detect presence of five hydroxyl groups in a glucose molecule?
Which among the following statements is true for amylose?
On hydrolysis sucrose gives ____________.
What is the quantity of glucose obtained when 68.4 g of sucrose is hydrolyzed in laboratory under ideal condition?
(Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol−1)
Which among the following reagents is used for conversion of glucose to glucoxime?
How many optical isomers are possible for a compound having four asymmetric carbon atoms?
α-D (+) Glucose and β-D (+) glucose are ____________.
Which of the following are epimers?
What are reducing and non-reducing sugars?
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Maltose
The molecule of glucose is also called ______.
Identify the monosaccharide containing only one asymmetric carbon atom in its molecule.
Corn is immersed in boiling water. It is then cooled, and the solution becomes sweet. It is due to ______.
Consider the following reaction
\[\ce{A <-[Br2 - H2O] Glucose ->[HNO3] B}\]
Here, 'A' and 'B' are respectively.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Describe the action of the following reagent on glucose:
dil. Nitric acid.
CH2 OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2 OH is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
The linkage present in Lactose is ______.
CH2 OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2 OH is an example of ______.
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2 OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Given below are two statements.
Statement I - Lactose on hydrolysis converts into glucose and galactose.
Statement II - Galactose also plays same role as glucose in respiration.
In light of the above statements, select the correct option given below.
What are the number of chiral carbon atoms and the number of formyl groups, respectively, present in ribose?
Which of the following is used to separate glucose and fructose from hydrolysate of sucrose?
