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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
Give scientific reasons:
The disaccharide sucrose gives negative Tollens test while the disaccharide maltose gives a positive Tollens test.
Write chemical reaction for following conversions
glucose into gluconic acid
Classify the following carbohydrates into monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide:
glucose, cellulose, maltose, stachyose
What is the action of the following reagents on glucose?
hydroxylamine
What is the action of the following reagents on glucose?
hydrogen iodide
Explain D and L configuration in sugars.
By which of the following process formation of glycosidic bond occurs?
Which of the following type of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed?
Which of the following carbohydrate is sweet to taste?
Formation of lactose by conden ation results in the release of how many molecules of water?
The reserve food material in animals is ____________.
Fructose is the fruit sugar and chemically it is ketohexose but it has a ______ rather than a ______.
Identify the WRONG statement.
By which of the following feature we can identify the relatively small DNA molecules of plasmids?
The number of asymmetric carbon atoms in the glucose molecule is ____________.
From the following identify the two types of glucose polymers present in starch.
Match the columns and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Starch | a. | Animal storage molecule |
| ii. | Cellulose | b. | Plant storage molecule |
| iii. | Glycogen | c. | Heparin |
| iv. | Heteropolysaccharide | d. | Plant cell wall component |
Which among the following type of linkages is present in cellulose?
Prolonged heating of glucose with hot HI results in the formation of ____________.
Which element among the following is not present in saccharine?
The general formula for polysaccharide is ____________.
Stachyose is ____________.
Which one of the following is generally applicable to polysaccharides?
Which one of the following is Tetrose sugar?
Which one of the following carbohydrates is insoluble in water?
Which following reagent is used to detect presence of five hydroxyl groups in a glucose molecule?
How many moles of fructose and galactose respectively are obtained on hydrolysis of 1 mole stachyose?
When 2 moles of stachyose is hydrolyzed, the number of moles of galactose obtained is ____________.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about saccharic acid?
Which among the following reagents is used for conversion of glucose to glucoxime?
Which one of the following rotates the plane polarized light towards left?
\[\ce{Glucose ->[(HCN)] Product ->[(hydrolysis)] Product ->[(HI + Heat)] A}\], the compound A is:
Assertion: A solution of sucrose in water is dextrorotatory. But on hydrolysis in the presence of little hydrochloric acid, it becomes levorotatory.
Reason: Sucrose hydrolysis gives equal amounts of glucose and fructose. As a result of this change in sign of rotation is observed.
Glucose is an aldose. Which one of the following reactions is not expected with glucose?
α-D (+) Glucose and β-D (+) glucose are ____________.
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Fructose
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Lactose
Is the following sugar, D-sugar or L-sugar?
Which of the following groups contain polysaccharides?
Which carbon atoms of fructose are bonded together through oxygen forming fructofuranose?
The glycosidic linkage present in maltose is ______.
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Describe the action of the following reagent on glucose:
dil. Nitric acid.
Explain the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Write the ring structure of glucose.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2 OH}\] is an example of ______.
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Two monosaccharides are held together by ______ bond.
