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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
Give scientific reasons:
Hydrolysis of sucrose is called inversion.
Draw a neat diagram for the following:
Haworth formula of glucopyranose.
Glucose on oxidation with dilute nitric acid gives _______________
Write the name of the unit to which glucose unit is linked to from sucrose.
Classify the following carbohydrates into monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide:
glucose, cellulose, maltose, stachyose
Define carbohydrates.
Explain D and L configuration in sugars.
Write a chemical reaction to convert glucose into glucose cyanohydrin.
Write a commercial method for preparation of glucose.
What is monosaccharide?
Identify the given structure 'P' and 'Q'.
From the following identify an example of disaccharides.
Which of the following monosaccharides is a tetrose sugar?
Which of the following carbohydrate is sweet to taste?
Formation of lactose by conden ation results in the release of how many molecules of water?
From the following which is a heteropolysaccharide?
The reserve food material in animals is ____________.
Identify the sugar having the molecular formula C6H1206.
From the following identify the two types of glucose polymers present in starch.
Which reagent among the following is used to confirm presence of aldehydic carbonyl group in glucose?
Raffinose, sucrose and stachyose are respectively ____________.
All these carbohydrates contain \[\ce{1 -> 4β}\] glycosidic linkage, EXCEPT ____________.
4-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose is ____________.
Which of the following monosaccharide is a ketohexose?
Which one of the following is NOT soluble in water?
Which following reagent is used to detect presence of five hydroxyl groups in a glucose molecule?
What is the number of hydroxyl groups present in lactic acid?
When 2 moles of stachyose is hydrolyzed, the number of moles of galactose obtained is ____________.
Which among the following sugars does not reduce Tollen's reagent?
What is the quantity of glucose obtained when 68.4 g of sucrose is hydrolyzed in laboratory under ideal condition?
(Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol−1)
Identify the number of oxygen atoms present in saccharic acid?
Which among the following reagents is used for conversion of glucose to glucoxime?
How many hydroxyl groups are present in Erythrulose?
How many optical isomers are possible for a compound having four asymmetric carbon atoms?
Which one of the following rotates the plane polarized light towards left?
The correct corresponding order of names of four aldoses with configuration given below Respectively is:
Assertion: A solution of sucrose in water is dextrorotatory. But on hydrolysis in the presence of little hydrochloric acid, it becomes levorotatory.
Reason: Sucrose hydrolysis gives equal amounts of glucose and fructose. As a result of this change in sign of rotation is observed.
The number of sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon in fructose are respectively ____________.
What are reducing and non-reducing sugars?
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Fructose
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Sucrose
A molecule of stachyose contains how many carbon atoms?
Which carbon atoms of fructose are bonded together through oxygen forming fructofuranose?
Match the Column I with Column II and choose the correct answer from options below:
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Purine | 1. Glycogen |
| B. Pyrimidine | 2. Cellulose |
| C. Structural polysaccharide | 3. Glucagon |
| D. Storage polysaccharide | 4. Adenine |
| 5. Cytosine |
Corn is immersed in boiling water. It is then cooled, and the solution becomes sweet. It is due to ______.
Which one is a non-reducing commercial sugar?
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
Assign D/L configuration to the following monosaccharides:
Explain the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Why are carbohydrates generally optically active?
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Two monosaccharides are held together by ______ bond.
What are the number of chiral carbon atoms and the number of formyl groups, respectively, present in ribose?
Which of the following is used to separate glucose and fructose from hydrolysate of sucrose?
