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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
Give two evidences for presence of formyl group in glucose.
Glucose on oxidation with dilute nitric acid gives _______________
The glycosidic linkage in maltose is formed between _______________
What is the action of the following reagents on glucose?
hydrogen iodide
Explain D and L configuration in sugars.
What is monosaccharide?
Draw the structure of the pyran.
Identify the bond that links the carbon of two adjacent monosaccharides.
From the following identify an example of disaccharides.
Which of the following is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
______ is the prosthetic group of glycoproteins.
Identify the sugar having the molecular formula C6H1206.
Identify the WRONG statement.
Which among the following compounds is obtained when glucose reacts with hydrogen cyanide?
Match the Column I and Column II select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Monosaccharides | a. | Stored energy in animals |
| ii. | Glycogen | b. | Polymer made from ß-glucose molecules |
| iii. | Cellulose | c. | Exoskeleton of arthropods |
| iv. | Chitin | d. | Building blocks of carbohydrates |
| e. | Plant hormone |
The number of asymmetric carbon atoms in the glucose molecule is ____________.
____________ do not give smaller sugar units on hydrolysis.
All these carbohydrates contain \[\ce{1 -> 4β}\] glycosidic linkage, EXCEPT ____________.
\[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Br ->[Na][dry ether] A ->[Cl2] B}\]
Identify the product B in the above reaction.
Which one of the following is a carbohydrate but does NOT follow the general formula of carbohydrate?
Which one of the following is Tetrose sugar?
Which of the following molecules reduces Fehling's solution?
What is the number of hydroxyl groups present in lactic acid?
When 2 moles of stachyose is hydrolyzed, the number of moles of galactose obtained is ____________.
Which among the following reagents is used to confirm the presence of carbonyl group in glucose?
Which among the following sugars does not reduce Tollen's reagent?
How many hydroxyl groups are present in Erythrulose?
Which among the following observations suggests that glucose also exists in cyclic form?
How many optical isomers are possible for a compound having four asymmetric carbon atoms?
The number of sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon in fructose are respectively ____________.
Complete hydrolysis of cellulose gives ____________.
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Sucrose
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Maltose
Write the structure of α-D (+) glucopyranose.
Is the following sugar, D-sugar or L-sugar?
Which of the following groups contain polysaccharides?
The molecule of glucose is also called ______.
Glucose on oxidation with bromine water yields gluconic acid. This reaction confirms the presence of ______.
A molecule of stachyose contains how many carbon atoms?
The two monosaccharides in a disaccharide are held together by ______ bonds.
Corn is immersed in boiling water. It is then cooled, and the solution becomes sweet. It is due to ______.
The glycosidic linkage present in maltose is ______.
Describe the action of the following reagent on glucose:
Bromine water
Describe the action of the following reagent on glucose:
dil. Nitric acid.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
CH2 OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2 OH is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
