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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
The glycosidic linkage in maltose is formed between _______________
Explain the preparation of glucose from sucrose.
Write chemical reaction for following conversions
glucose into gluconic acid
Classify the following carbohydrates into monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide:
glucose, cellulose, maltose, stachyose
What is the action of the following reagents on glucose?
acetic anhydride
Which of the following type of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed?
Identify the given structure 'P' and 'Q'.
Identify the substances having glycosidic bond and peptide bond, respectively in their structure:
Formation of lactose by conden ation results in the release of how many molecules of water?
From the following identify the materials that are made up of cellulose.
i. Plant cell wall
ii. Exoskeleton of arthropods
iii. Paper from plant pulp
iv. Cotton fibre
Which is the product obtained, when Br2 water reacts with glucose?
Match the columns and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Starch | a. | Animal storage molecule |
| ii. | Cellulose | b. | Plant storage molecule |
| iii. | Glycogen | c. | Heparin |
| iv. | Heteropolysaccharide | d. | Plant cell wall component |
4-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose is ____________.
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding glucose.
One mole of a carbohydrate on hydrolysis gives one mole of glucose and one mole of galactose. Identify the carbohydrate.
Which element among the following is not present in saccharine?
Which one of the following is generally applicable to polysaccharides?
Which of the following molecules reduces Fehling's solution?
Which one of the following sugar does NOT have same empirical fonnula as that of carbohydrate?
Which of the following statement is NOT true about saccharic acid?
On hydrolysis sucrose gives ____________.
Which among the following sugars does not reduce Tollen's reagent?
Which among the following reagents is used for conversion of glucose to glucoxime?
What is the molecular formula of glyceraldehyde?
Identify the product Y in the following reaction.
\[\ce{Maltose ->[Hydrolysis] X ->[dil. HNO3][(excess)] Y}\]
How many moles of acetic acid are obtained in the reaction when one mole glucose is treated with excess acetic anhydride?
Which one of the following rotates the plane polarized light towards left?
α-D (+) Glucose and β-D (+) glucose are ____________.
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Starch
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Maltose
Which of the following groups contain polysaccharides?
If 'n' represents total number of asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound, then the possible· number of optical isomers of the compound is ______.
Glucose on oxidation with bromine water yields gluconic acid. This reaction confirms the presence of ______.
Which carbon atoms of fructose are bonded together through oxygen forming fructofuranose?
Which one is a non-reducing commercial sugar?
Formation of gluconic acid from glucose by oxidation using Br2 water.
Consider the following reaction
\[\ce{A <-[Br2 - H2O] Glucose ->[HNO3] B}\]
Here, 'A' and 'B' are respectively.
Identify the product obtained in the following conversion.
\[\ce{Glucose ->[(O)][Br2 water] Product}\]
The glycosidic linkage present in maltose is ______.
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Write Fischer projection formulae for glucose.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
The linkage present in Lactose is ______.
CH2 OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2 OH is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Given below are two statements.
Statement I - Lactose on hydrolysis converts into glucose and galactose.
Statement II - Galactose also plays same role as glucose in respiration.
In light of the above statements, select the correct option given below.
