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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
Draw a neat diagram for the following:
Haworth formula of maltose
The glycosidic linkage in maltose is formed between _______________
Write the name of the unit to which glucose unit is linked to from sucrose.
What is the action of the following reagents on glucose?
hydroxylamine
Write a chemical reaction to convert glucose into glucose cyanohydrin.
Which of the following type of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed?
Identify the given structure 'P' and 'Q'.
From the following identify an example of disaccharides.
Identify the substances having glycosidic bond and peptide bond, respectively in their structure:
Which of the following monosaccharides is a tetrose sugar?
From the following which is a heteropolysaccharide?
The reserve food material in animals is ____________.
Identify the sugar having the molecular formula C6H1206.
By which of the following feature we can identify the relatively small DNA molecules of plasmids?
Chitin is a/an ______.
Which reagent among the following is used to confirm presence of aldehydic carbonyl group in glucose?
All these carbohydrates contain \[\ce{1 -> 4β}\] glycosidic linkage, EXCEPT ____________.
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding glucose.
One mole of a carbohydrate on hydrolysis gives one mole of glucose and one mole of galactose. Identify the carbohydrate.
The general formula for polysaccharide is ____________.
Which one of the following is a carbohydrate but does NOT follow the general formula of carbohydrate?
Which one of the following is generally applicable to polysaccharides?
Which one of the following is NOT soluble in water?
Which of the following statements is NOT true for glyceraldehyde?
Glucose and gluconic acid treated with dilute nitric acid forms saccharic acid. What does this indicate?
Identify the number of secondary carbon atoms in glucose.
When 2 moles of stachyose is hydrolyzed, the number of moles of galactose obtained is ____________.
Which among the following sugars does not reduce Tollen's reagent?
Identify the number of oxygen atoms present in saccharic acid?
How many moles of acetic acid are obtained in the reaction when one mole glucose is treated with excess acetic anhydride?
What is the product obtained when Br2 water reacts with glucose?
Which among the following observations suggests that glucose also exists in cyclic form?
The number of sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon in fructose are respectively ____________.
Which of the following are epimers?
Is the following sugar, D-sugar or L-sugar?
A molecule of stachyose contains how many carbon atoms?
The two monosaccharides in a disaccharide are held together by ______ bonds.
Which carbon atoms of fructose are bonded together through oxygen forming fructofuranose?
Identify the monosaccharide containing only one asymmetric carbon atom in its molecule.
Starch and cellulose are compounds made up of many units of ______.
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Write Fischer projection formulae for glucose.
Explain the hydrolysis of sucrose.
CH2 OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2 OH is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
