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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
Give scientific reasons:
The disaccharide sucrose gives negative Tollens test while the disaccharide maltose gives a positive Tollens test.
Draw a neat diagram for the following:
Haworth formula of maltose
Explain the preparation of glucose from sucrose.
Define carbohydrates.
What is monosaccharide?
Identify the bond that links the carbon of two adjacent monosaccharides.
From the following identify an example of disaccharides.
Formation of lactose by conden ation results in the release of how many molecules of water?
By which of the following feature we can identify the relatively small DNA molecules of plasmids?
Which is the product obtained, when Br2 water reacts with glucose?
The number of asymmetric carbon atoms in the glucose molecule is ____________.
Which reagent among the following is used to confirm presence of aldehydic carbonyl group in glucose?
Which carbon atoms of α- D glucopyranose and β-D-fructofuranose respectively are linked together to form glycosidic linkage in sucrose?
Prolonged heating of glucose with hot HI results in the formation of ____________.
All these carbohydrates contain \[\ce{1 -> 4β}\] glycosidic linkage, EXCEPT ____________.
One mole of a carbohydrate on hydrolysis gives one mole of glucose and one mole of galactose. Identify the carbohydrate.
\[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Br ->[Na][dry ether] A ->[Cl2] B}\]
Identify the product B in the above reaction.
Which one of the following is generally applicable to polysaccharides?
Glucose and gluconic acid treated with dilute nitric acid forms saccharic acid. What does this indicate?
Which of the following molecules reduces Fehling's solution?
Which following reagent is used to detect presence of five hydroxyl groups in a glucose molecule?
Which of the following statement is NOT true about saccharic acid?
On hydrolysis sucrose gives ____________.
What is the quantity of glucose obtained when 68.4 g of sucrose is hydrolyzed in laboratory under ideal condition?
(Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol−1)
Identify the number of oxygen atoms present in saccharic acid?
What is the molecular formula of glyceraldehyde?
Which among the following reagents is used to obtain gluconic acid from glucose?
Identify the product Y in the following reaction.
\[\ce{Maltose ->[Hydrolysis] X ->[dil. HNO3][(excess)] Y}\]
Which among the following observations suggests that glucose also exists in cyclic form?
\[\ce{Glucose ->[(HCN)] Product ->[(hydrolysis)] Product ->[(HI + Heat)] A}\], the compound A is:
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Lactose
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Maltose
The molecule of glucose is also called ______.
If 'n' represents total number of asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound, then the possible· number of optical isomers of the compound is ______.
A molecule of stachyose contains how many carbon atoms?
The two monosaccharides in a disaccharide are held together by ______ bonds.
Match the Column I with Column II and choose the correct answer from options below:
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Purine | 1. Glycogen |
| B. Pyrimidine | 2. Cellulose |
| C. Structural polysaccharide | 3. Glucagon |
| D. Storage polysaccharide | 4. Adenine |
| 5. Cytosine |
Starch and cellulose are compounds made up of many units of ______.
Identify the product obtained in the following conversion.
\[\ce{Glucose ->[(O)][Br2 water] Product}\]
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Assign D/L configuration to the following monosaccharides:
Describe the action of the following reagent on glucose:
Bromine water
Explain the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Two monosaccharides are held together by ______ bond.
