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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
Give scientific reasons:
The disaccharide sucrose gives negative Tollens test while the disaccharide maltose gives a positive Tollens test.
Give scientific reasons:
Hydrolysis of sucrose is called inversion.
The glycosidic linkage in maltose is formed between _______________
Classify the following carbohydrates into monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide:
glucose, cellulose, maltose, stachyose
Write a commercial method for preparation of glucose.
Which enzymes would work sequentially on potatoes consumed by an individual?
Which of the following monosaccharides is a tetrose sugar?
Which of the following carbohydrate is sweet to taste?
Formation of lactose by conden ation results in the release of how many molecules of water?
From the following identify the group that is exclusively consists of polysaccharides.
From the following which is a heteropolysaccharide?
Identify the sugar having the molecular formula C6H1206.
Fructose is the fruit sugar and chemically it is ketohexose but it has a ______ rather than a ______.
____________ do not give smaller sugar units on hydrolysis.
From the following identify the two types of glucose polymers present in starch.
Prolonged heating of glucose with hot HI results in the formation of ____________.
4-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose is ____________.
\[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Br ->[Na][dry ether] A ->[Cl2] B}\]
Identify the product B in the above reaction.
Which one of the following is a carbohydrate but does NOT follow the general formula of carbohydrate?
Which one of the following carbohydrates is insoluble in water?
Glucose and gluconic acid treated with dilute nitric acid forms saccharic acid. What does this indicate?
Which of the following statement is NOT true about saccharic acid?
What is the product obtained when Br2 water reacts with glucose?
Which one of the following rotates the plane polarized light towards left?
The correct corresponding order of names of four aldoses with configuration given below Respectively is:
Assertion: A solution of sucrose in water is dextrorotatory. But on hydrolysis in the presence of little hydrochloric acid, it becomes levorotatory.
Reason: Sucrose hydrolysis gives equal amounts of glucose and fructose. As a result of this change in sign of rotation is observed.
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Fructose
Write the structure of α-D (+) glucopyranose.
If 'n' represents total number of asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound, then the possible· number of optical isomers of the compound is ______.
A molecule of stachyose contains how many carbon atoms?
The two monosaccharides in a disaccharide are held together by ______ bonds.
Which carbon atoms of fructose are bonded together through oxygen forming fructofuranose?
Identify the monosaccharide containing only one asymmetric carbon atom in its molecule.
Which one is a non-reducing commercial sugar?
Identify the product obtained in the following conversion.
\[\ce{Glucose ->[(O)][Br2 water] Product}\]
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
Write Fischer projection formulae for glucose.
Explain the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
The linkage present in Lactose is ______.
Why are carbohydrates generally optically active?
Write the Zwitter ion structure of alanine.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
\[\ce{CH2OH-CO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
Two monosaccharides are held together by ______ bond.
Given below are two statements.
Statement I - Lactose on hydrolysis converts into glucose and galactose.
Statement II - Galactose also plays same role as glucose in respiration.
In light of the above statements, select the correct option given below.
What are the number of chiral carbon atoms and the number of formyl groups, respectively, present in ribose?
Which of the following is used to separate glucose and fructose from hydrolysate of sucrose?
