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प्रश्न
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
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उत्तर
Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified into three broad groups in accordance with their behaviour on hydrolysis as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not hydrolyse further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
e.g. Glucose, fructose, ribose - Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates which on hydrolysis yield two to ten units of monosaccharides and accordingly they are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, and so on.
a. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Sucrose
b. Trisaccharides yield three monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Raffinose
c. Tetrasaccharides yield four monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
e.g. Stachyose - Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides give very large number of monosaccharide units on complete hydrolysis.
e.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
संबंधित प्रश्न
Give two evidences for presence of formyl group in glucose.
Write the name of the polysaccharide used for the commercial preparation of glucose.
Draw the Haworth projection structure of the following.
α-D-(–)-Fructofuranose
What is monosaccharide?
Draw the structure of the pyran.
Which of the following is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
Which of the following carbohydrate is sweet to taste?
Identify the WRONG statement.
Which among the following compounds is obtained when glucose reacts with hydrogen cyanide?
Identify a non-reducing carbohydrate from the following.
Match the Column I and Column II select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Monosaccharides | a. | Stored energy in animals |
| ii. | Glycogen | b. | Polymer made from ß-glucose molecules |
| iii. | Cellulose | c. | Exoskeleton of arthropods |
| iv. | Chitin | d. | Building blocks of carbohydrates |
| e. | Plant hormone |
____________ do not give smaller sugar units on hydrolysis.
Monosaccharides are ______ in nature.
Identify the CORRECT combination.
Match the columns and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Starch | a. | Animal storage molecule |
| ii. | Cellulose | b. | Plant storage molecule |
| iii. | Glycogen | c. | Heparin |
| iv. | Heteropolysaccharide | d. | Plant cell wall component |
Which carbon atoms of α- D glucopyranose and β-D-fructofuranose respectively are linked together to form glycosidic linkage in sucrose?
All these carbohydrates contain \[\ce{1 -> 4β}\] glycosidic linkage, EXCEPT ____________.
4-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose is ____________.
Which of the following monosaccharide is a ketohexose?
Stachyose is ____________.
Which one of the following carbohydrates is insoluble in water?
Which one of the following is NOT soluble in water?
Which of the following statements is NOT true for glyceraldehyde?
Which of the following molecules reduces Fehling's solution?
How many moles of fructose and galactose respectively are obtained on hydrolysis of 1 mole stachyose?
What is the number of hydroxyl groups present in lactic acid?
When 2 moles of stachyose is hydrolyzed, the number of moles of galactose obtained is ____________.
Which among the following reagents is used to confirm the presence of carbonyl group in glucose?
What is the quantity of glucose obtained when 68.4 g of sucrose is hydrolyzed in laboratory under ideal condition?
(Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol−1)
What is the product obtained when Br2 water reacts with glucose?
When one mole of lactose is hydrolysed, the hydrolysate contains ____________.
Which among the following observations suggests that glucose also exists in cyclic form?
How many optical isomers are possible for a compound having four asymmetric carbon atoms?
Which one of the following rotates the plane polarized light towards left?
α-D (+) Glucose and β-D (+) glucose are ____________.
What are reducing and non-reducing sugars?
Why carbohydrates are generally optically active?
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Fructose
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Sucrose
Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Maltose
Is the following sugar, D-sugar or L-sugar?
Glucose on oxidation with bromine water yields gluconic acid. This reaction confirms the presence of ______.
Which one is a non-reducing commercial sugar?
The glycosidic linkage present in maltose is ______.
Assign D/L configuration to the following monosaccharides:
Describe the action of the following reagent on glucose:
dil. Nitric acid.
Carbohydrates that do not undergo hydrolysis further are called ______.
Explain the hydrolysis of sucrose.
\[\ce{CH2OH - CO - (CHOH)4 - CH2OH}\] is an example of ______.
