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प्रश्न
Carboxylic acids contain carbonyl group but do not show the nucleophilic addition reaction like aldehydes or ketones. Why?
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उत्तर
It is due to resonance as shown below. The partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom is reduced
Similarly, a carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones may be regarded as the resonance hybrid of the following structures.
The carbonyl carbon of carboxylic group is less electrophilic than carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones and hence nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones do not takes place with carboxylic acids.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How are the following compounds prepared?
benzaldehyde from benzene
Write the products formed when CH3CHO reacts with the following reagents : H2N – OH
Predict the product of the following reaction:
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{..............}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{..............}||\\
\ce{R - CH = CH - CHO + NH2 - C - NH - NH2 ->[H+]}\end{array}\]
What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.
Semicarbazone
Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.
Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone – reactivity towards addition of HCN.
Alkenes 
and carbonyl compounds 
, both contain a π bond but alkenes show electrophilic addition reactions whereas carbonyl compounds show nucleophilic addition reactions. Explain.
Identify the compounds A, B and C in the following reaction.
\[\ce{CH3 - Br ->[Mg/ether] (A) ->[(i) CO][(ii) Water] (B) ->[CH3OH/H+][Δ] (C)}\]
Reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide on chlorobenzene gives which of the following products?
A Idol condensation will not be observed in
The most stable reagent for the conversion of R – CH2OH → RCHO is
Arrange the following in the increasing order of their property indicated:
Ethanal, Propanone, Propanal, Butanone (reactivity towards nucleophilic addition)
The increasing order of the following compounds towards HCN addition is:
| (i) |  |
| (ii) |  |
| (iii) |  |
| (iv) |  |
The following questions are case-based questions. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
| The carbon-oxygen double bond is polarised in aldehydes and ketones due to higher electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon. Therefore, they undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with a number of nucleophiles such as HCN, NaHSO3, alcohols, ammonia derivatives and Grignard reagents. Aldehydes are easily oxidised by mild oxidising agents as compared to ketones. The carbonyl group of carboxylic acid does not give reactions of aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids are considerably more acidic than alcohols and most of simple phenols. |
Answer the following:
(a) Write the name of the product when an aldehyde reacts with excess alcohol in the presence of dry HCl. (1)
(b) Why carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol? (1)
(c) (i) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity towards CH3MgBr: (1)
CH3CHO, \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{(CH3)3C-C-CH3}\\
\phantom{....}||\\
\phantom{....}\ce{O}
\end{array}\], \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3-C-CH3}\\
||\\
\ce{O}
\end{array}\]
(ii) Write a chemical test to distinguish between propanal and propanone. (1)
OR
(c) Write the main product in the following: (2)
| (i) |  |
| (ii) |  |
Draw structures of the given derivatives.
The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
Draw the structure of the following derivative.
The ethylene ketal of hexane-3-one
Draw structure of the following derivative.
The ethylene ketal of hexane-3-one
Draw the structure of the following derivative.
The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
Draw structure of the following derivative.
The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
