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Books of Accounts > Journal

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Topics

  • Definition: Journal
  • Importance and Utility
  • Format and Contents
  • Example: Recording a Transaction in the Journal
  • Definition: Casting
  • Reasons for Casting of Journal
  • Steps in Journal Casting
  • Definition: Journalising
  • Process of Journalising
  • Key Takeaways
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition : Journal

A journal is a book where every business transaction is recorded as soon as it happens.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Importance and Utility

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Format and Contents

Date Particulars L.F. Debit Amount ₹ Credit Amount ₹

Year
Month/Date

Account debited    Dr.
To (Account credited)   
(Being...)
  xxx


xxx
  • Date: The day the transaction happened.

  • Particulars: The accounts involved. Debit first, then credit with “To.”

  • L.F.: Page number in ledger (it is left blank if not posted yet).

  • Debit & Credit: Amount to be debited and credited for each account.

  • Narration: Short description of the entry inside brackets. It must start with the word "Being".

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Example of a Journal Entry

Transaction: ₹5,000 rent paid in cash on 9th September, 2025

Date Particulars L.F. Debit
Amount ₹
Credit
Amount ₹
2025.09.09 Rent A/c             Dr.
   To Cash A/c
(Being rent paid in cash)
  5,000



5,000

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition : Casting

Casting means totalling up the amounts in the debit and credit columns of the journal—usually at the end of each page or section.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Reasons for Casting of Journal

  • You can confirm that the sum of all debits equals the sum of all credits (a basic rule in double-entry bookkeeping).

  • It is easier to detect calculation mistakes early, ensuring both sides are balanced.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Steps in Journal Casting

  1. At the bottom of each journal page, write the total of all debit amounts and the total of all credit amounts.

  2. If continuing to the next page, the amounts are carried forward as “Total c/f (carried forward)” and brought in as “Total b/f (brought forward)” on the new page.

  3. On the final page, the “Grand Total” is written, and debits and credits must always match.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition : Journalising

Journalising is the process of recording business transactions in the journal as soon as they happen.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Process of Journalising

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Key Takeaways

  • The journal is the starting point of accounting. It helps make sure every rupee in the business is tracked, explained, and easy to find later!
  • Always record transactions from original documents like bills, receipts, or invoices—these are called source documents.

  • Every transaction will always affect at least two accounts: one is debited, and one is credited.

  • Write each journal entry with the date, accounts involved, amounts, and a short explanation (narration).

  • Totalling (casting) the journal regularly helps catch mistakes early—credits and debits should always balance.

  • Journalising means writing down each transaction in the journal in the correct format, step by step.

  • Good journal entries are important for making ledgers and final accounts later..

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