Definitions [4]
Definition: Saturated Compounds
The valencies of all the atoms are satisfied by single bonds between them. Such carbon compounds are called saturated compounds.
Definition: Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
The compounds of carbon having double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms are known as unsaturated carbon compounds.
Define the term ‘structural isomerism’.
Molecules having the same molecular formula but different structure are said to be structural isomers.
Definition: Aromatic Compounds
The compounds having this characteristic unit in their structure are called aromatic compounds.
Formulae [1]
Write the molecular formula of benzene.
The molecular formula of benzene is C6H6.
Key Points
Key Points: Straight chains, Branched chains, and Rings of Carbon atoms
- Carbon compounds can have straight, branched, or ring chains of carbon atoms.
- Isomers have the same formula but different structures (e.g., butane).
- Crude oil is a mix of hydrocarbons; fuels like LPG and petrol are separated by fractional distillation.
- Saturated hydrocarbons have single bonds, while unsaturated ones have double or triple bonds.
- Aromatic compounds, such as benzene, have rings with alternating double bonds.
Key Points: Ethanol
- Ethanol is a colourless liquid with a boiling point of 78 °C, soluble in water, and used in medicines, drinks, and as a clean-burning fuel (e.g., gasohol).
- Ethanol reacts with sodium to form sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas is evolved.
- When heated with concentrated H₂SO₄ at 170 °C, ethanol undergoes dehydration to form ethene, an unsaturated compound.
- Methanol is highly poisonous, and industrial ethanol is made unfit for drinking by mixing methanol and adding a blue dye (denatured spirit).
Key Points: Ethanoic Acid
- Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is a carboxylic acid; its 5–8% aqueous solution is vinegar, and it shows acidic nature by turning blue litmus red.
- Pure ethanoic acid freezes at 17 °C (290 K), so it is called glacial acetic acid.
- Being a weak acid, ethanoic acid is not completely ionised in aqueous solution.
- Ethanoic acid reacts with bases, carbonates, and bicarbonates to form a salt, water, and CO₂ (CO₂ turns lime water milky).
- It reacts with ethanol in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ to form an ester (ethyl ethanoate) with a sweet smell (esterification).
Important Questions [20]
- Give the structural formula of ethanol.
- Give Two Properties of Ethanol.
- Choose the Correct Alternative and Rewrite the Following:To Observe the Hydro and Clearly, Raju Should See It First Under the Low Power Lens and Then Under the High Power Lens in Order to See ________
- Write Any Two Physical Properties of Ethanol.
- Sodium is Stored Under Kerosene. Give Reason.
- What Are Hydrocarbons? Give One Example.
- Explain the Action of Phosphorous Trichloride with Ethanol. Write the Balanced Chemical Equation of the Above Reaction.
- ............ is a Functional Group of Alcohol.
- What Are Functional Groups? Name Any Two Compounds Containing Functional Groups.
- Give Other Two Names of Ethanol.
- Write the structural formulae of the following compound: Ethane
- Ethanoic Acid Has a Pungent Odour.
- The Molecular Formula of Acetic Acid is
- Choose the Correct Alternative and Rewrite the Following: Acetic Acid ..................
- When Zinc Powder is Added to Acetic Acid ______________ (A) the Mixture Becomes Warm (B) a Gas is Evolved (C) the Colour of the Mixture Becomes Yellow (D) a Solid Settles at the Bottom
- Ethanoic Acid _________.
- Choose the Correct Alternative and Rewrite the Following: Some Acetic Acid is Treated with Solid Nahco3, the Resulting Solution Will Be _________________
- Rewrite the Following Statement by Selecting the Correct Options. the Formula of Ethanoic Acid is _____________.
- Differentiate Between: Detergents and Soaps.
- Differentiate Between Toilet Soap and Laundry Soap.
