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Question
Why does Ruskin feel that reading the work of a good author is a painstaking task?
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Solution
Ruskin feels that reading the work of a good author is a painstaking task as it is not very easy to get into the meaning of the words that the author has written. He says that one has to be prepared to work like an Australian Miner to understand a good book which is born of wisdom. Just as mining is a very painstaking task, so is reading a good book, according to the author. In other words, the essayist means that one has to go through between the lines to understand the pithy words in the good books. Like an Australian miner, one needs patience and hard work to understand the works of the good authors.
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Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words. (3)
Answer any four of the following in 30–40 words each :
(a) Describe the irony in Saheb's name.
(b) Why was Gandhiji opposed to C.F. Andrews helping him in Champaran?
(c) Aunt Jennifer's efforts to get rid of her fear proved to be futile. Comment.
(d) What does Stephen Spender want to be done for the children of the school in a slum?
(e) When he was only ten days old, a prediction was made about the future of the Tiger King. What was ironic about it?
(f) What was his father's chief concern about Dr. Sadao?
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each:
(a) How could the peddler enter the forge without being noticed by the blacksmith?
(b) At Champaran what did the British landlords want from the sharecroppers?
(c) How does the poet show the futility of Aunt Jennifer's efforts?
(d) Stephen Spender in his poem, 'An elementary School Classroom in a Slum' paints a dismal picture of poverty. Comment.
(e) How did Evans have the last laugh at the Governor?
(f) How did the General plan to get rid of the American POW?
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We know that chimps are intelligent because
Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
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the thought was almost revolting
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an expanse of pure white serenity
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a turning-point
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accepted her seclusion with resignation
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a veritable bedlam of chirrupings
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frivolous rebukes
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the sagging skins of the dilapidated drum
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What do the references to the birds and animals made in the poem suggest?
How does the banyan tree stand out as different from other trees? What details of the tree does the poet highlight in the poem?
Why did Ajamil refuse to meet the sheepdog's eyes?
Name the world-famous personality who reached great heights despite of humble circumstances.
Make groups and discuss the following:
Did they themselves suffer from those problems/setbacks?
Read the poem and fill in the table.
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| Morning | __________ | __________ | __________ | __________ | __________ |
| Afternoon | __________ | __________ | __________ | __________ | __________ |
| Night | __________ | __________ | __________ | __________ | __________ |
Answer the given question in your own words.
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- Magistrate bees
- Merchant bees
- Soldier bees
- Mason bees
- Civilian bees
- Porter bees
- Judge bee
Find at least two things from the poem that show the following:
It is the early morning.
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Fill in the gap, choosing a word from the bracket to make an appropriate comparison.
(tall / quiet / humble / merry / busy / slippery / fast / sly / slow / big)
as ______ as a mouse.
Suggest what you would do in the following situation:
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List five of your favourite Hindi or Marathi poems or songs. Try to translate any one of them into English.
Choose any one of the objects we use daily and find out how it is made. Present the information in the form of a chart.
Read aloud with the leader: Form groups of five. Read the passage aloud in groups. The leader begins every sentence and stops after a few words. The other members complete the sentence, reading it aloud in the chorus.
Read the given extract (Act III)
Match column A with column B.
| Sr.No. | A | B |
| 1. | Dr. Thomas Stockmann | Opportunist |
| 2. | Katherine | Vulnerable |
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| 6. | Billing | Cuinng and corrupt |
| 7. | Aslaksen | Courageous |
Who is the speaker in the poem?
Visit a library:
Read the stories of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.
Prepare similar word chains using the following ideas.
waterbody - pool ____________.
Find one example of the following given below from the poem: Metaphor
Describe a crocodile in your own words.
Find the names of the exotic musical instruments and animals mentioned in the poem.
Describe the following in one or two lines.
The world around the bird’s nest.
Name the following.
Pounced on Dhyan Chand and hurt him.
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Read the following line from the poem and answer the question that follow.
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; Not mourning for the things that disappear
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Find a sentence/word from the text which express the following.
One of the qualities of the teacher.
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Read the following article about the amazing similarities between the assassination of John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln; then underline the passive forms.
Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. Voters elected John F. Kennedy to Congress in 1946.
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Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.
Lincoln was shot on a Friday. Someone shot Kennedy on a Friday.
Lincoln was shot in the head. The gunman shot Kennedy in the head.
Lincoln’s secretary was called Kennedy. Kennedy’s secretary was called Lincoln.
Lincoln was assassinated by a Southerner. A Southerner assassinated Kennedy.
Lincoln was succeeded by a Southerner named Johnson. A Southerner named Johnson succeeded Kennedy.
Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.
Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.
John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated Lincoln, was born in 1839. Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Kennedy, was born in 1939.
Both assassins were known by their three names and both names are composed of fifteen letters.
Lincoln was shot at a theatre named “Ford”. The gunman shot Kennedy in a car called a “Lincoln” that the company Ford made.
Booth ran from the theatre and was caught in a warehouse. Oswald ran from a warehouse and the police caught him in a theatre.
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Find out the idiom that relates to ‘whatever the circumstances’, from the first paragraph.
_____ is called the red planet.
Is TV and video game the only way to pass time? Can we do something else?
Why did Yazhini want to join the military?
How should we treat everyone?
What does Megalai do with elders?
Why did the bird catcher need fire?
Pick and write the adverbs to complete the sentence.
A jackal cheated the crow ______.
Sparrow tied the elephant and the crocodile with a ______.
______always stays to the last in our needs.
Which quality makes 'world is one and human is one'?
Write the word with same meaning.
queue- ______
What does the earth do when the day is over?
What should we do to ensure Safe Surfing?
Form groups of four to six.
Discuss whether and how you can improve English spelling.
Being a bachelor, the stranger had no patience with children.
