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प्रश्न
Why does Ruskin feel that reading the work of a good author is a painstaking task?
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उत्तर
Ruskin feels that reading the work of a good author is a painstaking task as it is not very easy to get into the meaning of the words that the author has written. He says that one has to be prepared to work like an Australian Miner to understand a good book which is born of wisdom. Just as mining is a very painstaking task, so is reading a good book, according to the author. In other words, the essayist means that one has to go through between the lines to understand the pithy words in the good books. Like an Australian miner, one needs patience and hard work to understand the works of the good authors.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
Read the following passage and do the given activities:
A.1) True or False
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) The patient stirred and looked about in cheerful anticipation
(ii) The patient’s wife wanted to know the truth …………
The lady went away to the kitchen. She felt restless. She felt she must know the truth whatever it was. Why was the great man so evasive? The suspense was unbearable. Perhaps he could not speak so near the patient’s bed. She beckoned to him from the kitchen doorway.
The doctor rose and went over. She asked, “What about him now? How is he?” The doctor bit his lips and replied, looking at the floor, “Don’t get excited. Unless you must know about it, don’t ask now.” Her eyes opened wide in terror. She clasped her hands together and implored, “Tell me the truth.” The doctor replied, “I would rather not talk to you now.” He turned around and went back to his chair. terrible wailing shot through the still house; the patient stirred and looked about in bewilderment. The doctor got up again, went over to the kitchen door, drew it in securely and shut off the wail.
A.2) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Her eyes opened wide in terror.
(ii) The lady went away to the kitchen.
A.3) How, according to you, should the nature of the doctor be?
Group related points.
Tick the statement that is true.
The story tries to relate history to Science.
In which language do you think Gangadharpant and Khan Sahib talked to each other? Which language did Gangadharpant use to talk to the English receptionist?
Look at the words given in the box below
|
snigger |
wriggle |
sneak |
squeak |
|
squawk |
titter |
pant |
chuckle |
|
giggle |
jeer |
chortle |
guffaw |
|
sigh |
sidle |
boo |
shriek |
|
scramble |
croak |
straggle |
plod |
|
gasp |
|
|
|
Now classify them according to their closeness in meaning to the words given below
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
snigger |
wriggle |
squeak |
jeer |
sigh |
What was the importance of the watch to the author?
Why has he compared the three passions to great winds?
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
“Tribal arts are not specifically meant for sale.” Does this help or hamper their growth and preservation?
The following two common words are used in a different sense in the poem. Guess what they mean
| bark | compass |
What would you say are 'the finer growths' that the story supports in a novel?
'Now I hold Creation in my foot' – explain the centrality of this assertion in the poem. What makes the hawk's assertion of its invincibility so categorical?
Write words from the poem that describe the following.
- sky ____________
- heart ____________
- hand ____________
- beginning ____________
- surprises ____________
Pick out some sentences from the lesson that convey a general truth.
Pick out a word from the poem to complete the sentence meaningfully.
She ______ (bargained) with the hawker to reduce the price.
Read the story and choose the appropriate meaning.
Masterpiece ____________.
Answer the following question in short.
What was Pundit Shahane’s claim as a scholar?
Form pairs and decide whether the following statements are those of a Great Indian Bustard or not.
| Statements | Great Indian Bustard | Some Other Bird |
| (a) I am the heaviest flying bird in India. | ||
| (b) I am known as Maldhok or Hoom in Marathi. | ||
| (c) I live in mountainous regions. | ||
| (d) I don’t like grasshoppers or beetles. | ||
| (e) We don’t believe in building nests. | ||
| (f) Our chick stays with the mother for a period of nearly one year. | ||
| (g) I am the State bird of Maharashtra. | ||
| (h) We have been pushed away from more than 90 percent of our home regions. |
Visit a library:
Read the biographies of other Indian Saints. Share at least one story from their life with your friends. What message does it contain?
Explain the following statement with reference to the context.
From now on The Herald shall be my artillery.
Discuss and write 1-2 lines about the following,
Yonamine’s ideas about marriage.
Form groups and hold debates on the following topic. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3-6 points each).
Boys cannot cook or do any housework.
Does the traveller really have a magic stone?
Portia had many brothers and sisters.
Find the pairs of rhyming words used at the end of the lines in the poem.
Read the ode ‘To Autumn’ by the famous poet John Keats. ‘Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness...’
Complete the following diagram.
Choose the appropriate phrase to insert in the gap, to make the sentence meaningful. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
The minister ______ his personal body-guards.
Form groups. Discuss how one can be a 'good reader'. Use the points in the above passage in your discussion. Write down the points that show what makes a 'good reader'.
Find the meaning of the following word.
delicious
Write other meaningful words that begin/end with gentle-hearted.
Describe Gulliver’s walk around the city.
Tell any one of the stories orally imagining you are Gulliver.
What are the complaints of the animals?
List all the pairs of antonyms you find in the passage.
Give an instance that shows the pathetic condition of the young bird.
"That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." Neil Armstrong - Discuss
Answer the question in a paragraph of about 100 – 150 word.
Narrate how Prospero made his enemies repent to restore his dukedom.
What were the various sounds the brothers heard when they went downstairs?
Who used the zither and how?
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question given below.
They growl at that and they growl at this;
Whatever comes, there is something amiss;
- What does the word ‘growl’ mean here?
- Why do they find everything amiss?
And whether their station be high or humble,…
Pick out the alliteration from the above line.
Why did Shepherd-Barron reduce the PIN number from six digits to four?
Read the comic strip and answer the following question.
Can we read and access the information free of cost?
Read these lines and answer the questions given below.
With lutes in our hands ever-singing we roam,
All men are our kindred, the world is our home.
- Who does ‘we’ refer to? What do they have in their hands? What is its name?
- How are the men in the world related to the singers?
Can courage be developed suddenly? Why?
Were the girl and her brother friendly with each other?
How did Santhosh spend his time in the river?
The old man was carrying _____.
Appu felt hungry and ate a______.
The official visited the rehabilitation centre daily.
Circle and write the adverbs.
Suddenly the old man fainted. ______
The sparrow solved the problem with her _____.
Jana saw a _______ behind her.
Nithin's mom said that Bala's father is a ______ magician.
Recite the poem Never give up with correct intonation.
Who came to Akbar’s court?
What did he claim to know?
Write the compound words from the picture.
 |
 |
| ______ | |
Being a bachelor, the stranger had no patience with children.
