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Draw a diagram, properly labelled, to illustrate the use of a total reflecting prism (a right-angled isosceles prism) to turn a ray of light through 180°. Name an instrument in which this device is used.
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Write any two uses of total internal reflection.
A ray of light incident at an angle θ on a refracting face of a prism emerges from the other face normally. If the angle of the prism is 5° and the prism is made of a material of refractive index 1.5, the angle of incidence is ______.
A rectangular block of glass ABCD has a refractive index 1.6. A pin is placed midway on the face AB (Figure). When observed from the face AD, the pin shall ______.

- appear to be near A.
- appear to be near D.
- appear to be at the centre of AD.
- not be seen at all.
- Assertion (A): Propagation of light through an optical fibre is due to total internal reflection taking place at the core-cladding interface.
- Reason (R): Refractive index of the material of the cladding of the optical fibre is greater than that of the core.
Small air bubbles rising up a fish tank appear silvery when viewed from some particular angle is due to the ______.
