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Question
In what way is the electronic configuration of the transition elements different from that of the non-transition elements?
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Solution
The general electronic configuration of transition elements is (n – 1)d1–10 ns1–2 (or ns0–2), meaning they have an incompletely filled d-subshell in their atomic or common ionic states. In contrast, non-transition elements either lack d-orbitals or have completely filled d-orbitals (d10), and their valence shell configuration is typically ns1−2 or ns1−6.
RELATED QUESTIONS
Account for the following:
Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine, it shows oxidation state of +4.
The elements of 3d transition series are given as: Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co
Answer the following: Write the element which shows maximum number of oxidation states. Give reason.
Out of Mn3+ and Cr3+, which is more paramagnetic and why ?
(Atomic nos. : Mn = 25, Cr = 24)
For M2+/M and M3+/M2+ systems, the E° values for some metals are as follows:
| Cr2+/Cr | −0.9 V |
| Mn2+/Mn | −1.2 V |
| Fe2+/Fe | −0.4 V |
| Cr3/Cr2+ | −0.4 V |
| Mn3+/Mn2+ | +1.5 V |
| Fe3+/Fe2+ | +0.8 V |
Use this data to comment upon:
- The stability of Fe3+ in acid solution as compared to that of Cr3+ or Mn3+ and
- the ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal.
What can be inferred from the magnetic moment value of the following complex species?
| Example | Magnetic Moment (BM) |
| K2[MnCl4] | 5.9 |
NF3 is possible, but NF5 is not. Why?
Give reasons Iron has the higher enthalpy of atomization than that of copper.
Two metallic elements A and B have the following standard oxidation potentials: A = 0·40v B = - 0·80v. What would you expect if element A was added to an aqueous salt solution of element B? Give a reason for your answer.
Which among the following transition metal has the lowest melting point?
Transition metals with lowest melting point is ______.
Maximum magnetic moment is shown by ____________.
When a brown compound of manganese (A) is treated with \[\ce{HCl}\] it gives a gas (B). The gas taken in excess, reacts with \[\ce{NH3}\] to give an explosive compound (C). Identify compounds A, B and C.
Match the catalysts given in Column I with the processes given in Column II.
| Column I (Catalyst) | Column II (Process) |
| (i) \[\ce{Ni}\] in the presence of hydrogen | (a) Zieglar Natta catalyst |
| (ii) \[\ce{Cu2C12}\] | (b) Contact process |
| (iii) \[\ce{V2O5}\] | (c) Vegetable oil to ghee |
| (iv) Finely divided iron | (d) Sandmeyer reaction |
| (v) \[\ce{TiCl4 + Al (CH3)3}\] | (e) Haber's Process |
| (f) Decomposition of KCIO3 |
Answer the following question:
Which element of the first transition series has highest second ionisation enthalpy?
Mention the type of compounds formed when small atoms like H, C and N get trapped inside the crystal lattice of transition metals. Also give physical and chemical characteristics of these compounds.
Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets:
(activation energy, Threshold energy, increased, lowered, partially, full, d-d transition, Benzoic acid, benzaldehyde)
Only those transition metal ions will be coloured which have ______ filled d-orbitals facilitating ______.
Account for the following:
Sc3+ is colourless whereas Ti3+ is coloured in an aqueous solution.
What is the oxidation state of chromium in chromate ion and dichromate ion?
For M2+/M and M3+/M2+systems, the EΘ values for some metals are as follows:
| Cr2+/Cr | −0.9 V |
| Mn2+/Mn | −1.2 V |
| Fe2+/Fe | −0.4 V |
| Cr3/Cr2+ | −0.4 V |
| Mn3+/Mn2+ | +1.5 V |
| Fe3+/Fe2+ | +0.8 V |
Use this data to comment upon:
The ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal.
