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Question
Figure shows a long U-shaped wire of width l placed in a perpendicular magnetic field B. A wire of length l is slid on the U-shaped wire with a constant velocity v towards right. The resistance of all the wires is r per unit length. At t = 0, the sliding wire is close to the left edge of the U-shaped wire. (a) Calculate the force needed to keep the sliding wire moving with a constant velocity v. (b) If the force needed just after t = 0 is F0, find the time at which the force needed will be F0/2.0
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Solution
Emf induced in the circuit, e = Bvl
Current in the circuit,
\[i = \frac{e}{R} = \frac{Bvl}{2r(l + vt)}\]
(a) Force F needed to keep the sliding wire moving with a constant velocity v will be equal in magnitude to the magnetic force on it. The direction of force F will be along the direction of motion of the sliding wire.
Thus, the magnitude of force F is given by
\[F = ilB = \frac{Bvl}{2r(l + vt)} \times lB\]
\[ = \frac{B^2 l^2 v}{2r(l + vt)}\]
(b) The magnitude of force F at t = 0 is given by
\[F_0 = ilB = lB\left( \frac{lBv}{2rl} \right) \]
\[ = \frac{l B^2 v}{2r} .............(1)\]
Let at time t = T, the value of the force be F0/2.
Now,
\[\frac{F_0}{2} = \frac{l^2 B^2 v}{2r(l + vT)}\]
On substituting the value of F0 from (1), we get
\[\frac{l B^2 v}{4r} = \frac{l^2 B^2 v}{2r(l + vT)}\]
\[ \Rightarrow 2l = l + vT\]
\[ \Rightarrow T = \frac{l}{v}\]
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