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Question
Explain why inspite of nearly the same electronegativity, oxygen forms hydrogen bonding while chlorine does not.
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Solution 1
- Both nitrogen (N) and chlorine (Cl) have an electronegativity of 3.0.
- However, only nitrogen is involved in the hydrogen bonds (e.g., NH3) and not chlorine.
- This is due to the smaller atomic size of nitrogen (atomic radius = 70 pm) as compared to chlorine (atomic radius = 99 pm), therefore, N can cause greater polarisation of N-H bond than Cl in the case of Cl-H bond.
- Consequently, the N atom is involved in hydrogen bonding and not chlorine.
Solution 2
Despite having almost identical electronegativity values, O and Cl have very different atomic sizes (O = 66 pm, Cl = 99 pm). Because of this, the electron density of the O atom is significantly higher than that of the Cl atom. As a result, although chlorine cannot form hydrogen bonds, oxygen can.
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