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Question
Distinguish between RNA and DNA.
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Solution
| Sr. No. | RNA | DNA |
| 1. | The majority of the RNA is contained in the cytoplasm. | It mainly occurs within the nucleus and specific cell organelles. |
| 2. | Apart from specific viruses, RNA does not serve as the genetic material. | DNA represents the genetic material. |
| 3. | RNA is single-stranded, except in some viruses (e.g., double stranded in Reovirus). | Unlike certain viruses (e.g., Φ × 174), it is double-stranded. |
| 4. | There are at least three types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. | There are only two types of DNA: intranuclear and extranuclear. |
| 5. | It contains ribose sugar. | It contains deoxyribose sugar. |
| 6. | Thymine is substituted with uracil in RNA, whereas the other three are similar: adenine, cytosine, and guanine. | Nitrogen bases in DNA include adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. |
| 7. | Many unusual or modified bases are frequently present. | Unusual bases are scarce or nonexistent. |
| 8. | Base pairing via hydrogen bonds occurs exclusively in the coiled portions. | Hydrogen bonds develop between complementary nitrogen bases on the opposite strands of DNA (A-T and C-G). |
| 9. | The strand may fold at points to form a secondary helix or pseudohelix. | DNA is spirally twisted to form a regular helix. |
| 10. | It cannot usually reproduce itself. | It replicates to produce new DNA molecules. |
| 11. | RNA transforms the transcribed message into polypeptides. | DNA transcribes genetic information into RNA. |
| 12. | The RNA quantity in a cell is variable. | The quantity is fixed for each cell. |
| 13. | There is no association between the number of purine and pyrimidine bases. | There are an equal number of purine and pyrimidine bases. |
| 14. | It exists in ribosomes or establishes a connection with them. | It takes the form of a prochromosome, chromatin, or chromosomes. |
| 15. | Some RNAs are extremely short-lived, whereas others are slightly longer. | It is long-lived. |
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