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प्रश्न
Distinguish between RNA and DNA.
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उत्तर
| Sr. No. | RNA | DNA |
| 1. | The majority of the RNA is contained in the cytoplasm. | It mainly occurs within the nucleus and specific cell organelles. |
| 2. | Apart from specific viruses, RNA does not serve as the genetic material. | DNA represents the genetic material. |
| 3. | RNA is single-stranded, except in some viruses (e.g., double stranded in Reovirus). | Unlike certain viruses (e.g., Φ × 174), it is double-stranded. |
| 4. | There are at least three types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. | There are only two types of DNA: intranuclear and extranuclear. |
| 5. | It contains ribose sugar. | It contains deoxyribose sugar. |
| 6. | Thymine is substituted with uracil in RNA, whereas the other three are similar: adenine, cytosine, and guanine. | Nitrogen bases in DNA include adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. |
| 7. | Many unusual or modified bases are frequently present. | Unusual bases are scarce or nonexistent. |
| 8. | Base pairing via hydrogen bonds occurs exclusively in the coiled portions. | Hydrogen bonds develop between complementary nitrogen bases on the opposite strands of DNA (A-T and C-G). |
| 9. | The strand may fold at points to form a secondary helix or pseudohelix. | DNA is spirally twisted to form a regular helix. |
| 10. | It cannot usually reproduce itself. | It replicates to produce new DNA molecules. |
| 11. | RNA transforms the transcribed message into polypeptides. | DNA transcribes genetic information into RNA. |
| 12. | The RNA quantity in a cell is variable. | The quantity is fixed for each cell. |
| 13. | There is no association between the number of purine and pyrimidine bases. | There are an equal number of purine and pyrimidine bases. |
| 14. | It exists in ribosomes or establishes a connection with them. | It takes the form of a prochromosome, chromatin, or chromosomes. |
| 15. | Some RNAs are extremely short-lived, whereas others are slightly longer. | It is long-lived. |
संबंधित प्रश्न
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Define vector? write any two examples,
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Identify the palindromic sequence which is recognized by the EcoRI restriction enzyme.
Which of the following DNA sequence is recognised and cut by EcoR I?
The following identifies the major features of technology that differentiate modem biotechnology from classical biotechnology.
i. Capability of science to change the genetic material for getting new specific products through rDNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing.
ii. Ownership of technology and its sociopolitical impact.
iii. Modem biotechnology makes use of only fermentation technology.
iv. Classical biotechnology relies only on principles of plant and animal tissue culture.
Following are the four statements regarding separation of DNA fragments using Gel electrophoresis. Identify the INCORRECT statements.
i. DNA is negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on gel towards the Anode terminal.
ii. DNA fragments travel along the surface of the gel whose concentration does not affect movement of DNA.
iii. Smaller the size of DNA fragment, larger is the distance it travels through it.
iv. Pure DNA can be visualized directly by exposing to UV radiation.
Which of the following is NOT involved in genetic engineering technique?
i. Combining genes from two organisms
ii. Gene cloning
iii. Transfer of lipid molecules
iv. Transfer of genes to new organisms
v. Repairing or replacing the defective genes by healthy genes
vi. Artificial synthesis of new gene
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EcoRl & Hind III are the examples of ______
Which one is a true statement regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR?
| Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil. |
(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?
(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.
(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.
Name the enzyme responsible for the transcription of genetic code to produce mRNA.
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- Name the cloning vector shown above. In which organism in this cloning vector inserted?
-
Mention any two restriction sites shown in the diagram.
- Name any two selectable markers shown in the diagram.
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