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Question
Define biotechnology? Which are the basic principles and process of biotechnology?
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Solution
Definition:
Biotechnology refers to the development and utilization of biological forms, products or processes for obtaining maximum benefits to man and other forms of life.
- Biotechnology is based on the principles of chemical engineering, genetic engineering and adequate maintenance of sterile conditions.
- Following are the processes used in biotechnology:
- Repairing of the defective genes or replacing of defective genes by healthy genes or normal genes;
- Artificially synthesizing of a totally new gene
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Explain the properties of a good or ideal cloning vector for rDNA technology.
Alu-I is obtained from which organism?
Match the Column I (Restriction enzyme) with Column II (Recognition sequence) and select the correct option.
| column I (Restriction Enzyme) | column II (Recognition sequence) | ||
| i. | Alu | P. | 5'---G- ↓-G-A-T-C-C---3' 3'---C-C-T-A-G- -G---5 |
| ii. | BamHI | Q. | 5'--- A-G- ↓ -C-T---3' 3' ---T-C- G-A--- 5' |
| iii. | Eco RI | R. | 5'--G-T-C- ↓ -G-A-C--3' I 3'--C-A-G-t-C-T-G--5' |
| iv. | HindII | S. | 5'---G- ↓ -A-A-T-T-C---3' 3'---C-T-T-A-A- -G---5' |
The following identifies the major features of technology that differentiate modem biotechnology from classical biotechnology.
i. Capability of science to change the genetic material for getting new specific products through rDNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing.
ii. Ownership of technology and its sociopolitical impact.
iii. Modem biotechnology makes use of only fermentation technology.
iv. Classical biotechnology relies only on principles of plant and animal tissue culture.
______ is the soil bacterium that causes crown gall characterized by tumors in plants.
Which of the following enzyme catalyses the removal of nucleotides from the end of DNA molecules?
The polymerase chain reaction is a powerful technique to ______.
______technique is used for in vitro gene cloning or gene multiplication.
Which one of the following enzymes is used to join DNA fragments?
