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Question
As light rays pass from water into glass, are they refracted towards the normal or away from the normal?
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Solution
Glass is denser than water; therefore, if light rays pass from water into glass, the rays will be refracted towards the normal.
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| Ray AB | |
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| ∠ r |
Assertion and reasoning type
- Assertion: If the refractive index of the medium is high (denser medium) the velocity of the light in that medium will be small
- Reason: Refractive index of the medium is inversely proportional to the velocity of the light
Noor, a young student, was trying to demonstrate some properties of light in her Science project work. She kept ‘X’ inside the box (as shown in the figure) and with the help of a laser pointer made light rays pass through the holes on one side of the box. She had a small butter-paper screen to see the spots of light being cast as they emerged.

Her friend noted the following observations from this demonstration:
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- Air and glass allow light to pass through them with the same velocity.
- Air is optically rarer than glass.
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- The ratio: sin of angle of incidence in the first medium to the ratio of sin of angle of refraction in the second medium, gives the refractive index of the second material with respect to the first one.
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The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of ______ is constant.
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