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प्रश्न
There are a number of challenges a farmer in India faces. Discuss with your friend, how it is possible to improve the condition of farmers.
| Sr. No. | Challenges | Solutions |
| 1. | Water Scarcity | Rain Water Harvesting |
| 2. | Credit and In-debtedness | |
| 3. | Land Issues | |
| 4. | Climatic changes | |
| 5. | Social Groups | |
| 6. | Lack of advanced technology | |
| 7. | Diversification | |
| 8. | Market Risks |
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उत्तर
| Sr.No. | Challenges | Solutions |
| 1. | Water Scarcity | Rain Water Harvesting. |
| 2. | Credit and Indebtedness | Providing subsidies and waiving loans. |
| 3. | Land Issues | Preventing soil erosion, watershed management, crop diversification, etc. |
| 4. | Climatic changes | Insuring crops damaged due to natural disasters, engaging in climate forecasting to limit the extent of damage |
| 5. | Social Groups | Social groupings must no longer have an impact on a farmer's decision to diversify, adopt new techniques, etc. It is time for farmers to resist the pressure from these social organisations. |
| 6. | Lack of advanced technology | Provision of modern solutions to deal with modern problems, adopting methods that increase yield, making advanced technology available at subsidised rates. |
| 7. | Diversification | Provision of agriculture insurance to limit the risks involved in crop diversification, and to reduce the dependence. |
| 8. | Market Risks | Regularisation of market prices by the government, minimum revenue guarantees for farmers, etc. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
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(ii) Stop worrying ______ your future.
(iii) When I stepped ________ the lift, I found it had stopped working.
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(v) I have lived in this town ______ ten years.
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(vii) Ronnie is married ______ my cousin.
(viii) The gift came _______ a birthday card.
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Sergius:
Louka! (she stops and looks defiantly at him) A gentleman has no right to hurt a woman under any ` circumstances. [with profound humility, uncovering his head] beg your pardon.
Louka:
That sort of apology may satisfy a lady. Of what use is it to a servant?
Sergius :
[rudely crossed in his chivalry, throws it off with a bitter laugh, and says slightingly) Oh! Do you wish to be paid for the hurt? [He puts on his shako, and takes some money from his pocket].
Louka :
[her eyes filling with tears in spite of herself] No: I want my hurt made well.
Sergius : [sobered by her tone] I low?
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(ii) Why had he hurt her?
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At nine o'clock, Swaminathan wailed, “I have a headache.”
His mother said, “Why don’t you go to school in a bullock cart?”
“So that I may be completely dead at the other end? Have you any idea what it means to be jolted in a cart?”
“Have you any important lessons today?”
“Important! Bah! That geography teacher has been teaching the same lesson for over a year now. And we have arithmetic, which means for a whole period we are going to be beaten by the teacher............ Important lessons!”
And Mother generously suggested that Swami might stay at home.
At 9:30, when he ought to have been lining up in the school prayer hall, Swami was lying on the bench in Mother’s room.
Father asked him, “Have you no school today?”
“Headache,” Swami replied,
“Nonsense! Dress up and go.”
“Headache.”
“Loaf about less on Sundays, and you will be without a headache on Monday.”
Swami knew how stubborn his father could be and changed his tactics.
“I can’t go so late to class.”
“I agree, but you’ll have to; it is your own fault. You should have asked me before deciding to stay away.”
“What will the teacher think if I go so late?”
“Tell him you had a headache, and so are late.”
“He will beat me if I say so.”
“Will he? Let us see. What is his name?”
“Mr. Samuel.”
“Does he beat the boys?”
“He is very violent, especially with boys who come late. Some days ago, a boy was made to stay on his knees for a whole period in a corner of the class because he came late, and after getting six cuts from the cane and having his ears twisted, I wouldn’t like to go late to Mr Samuel’s class.”
“If he is so violent, why not tell your headmaster about it?”
“They say that even the headmaster is afraid of him. He is such a violent man.”
And then Swami gave a lurid account of Samuel’s violence; how when he started caning, he would not stop till he saw blood on the boy’s hand, which he made the boy press to his forehead like a Vermillion marking. Swami hoped his father would be made to see that he couldn’t go to his class late. But his father’s behaviour took an unexpected turn. He became excited.
“What do these people mean by beating our children? They must be driven out of service. I will see…..”
The result was that he proposed to send Swami late to his class as a kind of challenge. He was also going to send a letter with Swami to the headmaster. No amount of protest from Swami was of any avail: Swami had to go to school.
By the time he was ready, his father had composed a long letter to the headmaster, put it in an envelope, and sealed it.
“What have you written, father?” Swaminathan asked apprehensively.
“Nothing for you. Give it to your headmaster and go to your class.”
Swami’s father did not know the truth—that, actually, Mr. Samuel was a very kind gentleman.
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One-word answers or short phrases will be accepted.
- jolted
- stubborn
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- In what way did Father’s behaviour take an unexpected turn? (2)
- What was Swami finally ordered to do by his father? (2)
(c)
(i) In not more than 60 words, describe how Swami tries to prove that Mr. Samuel is a violent man. (8)
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a holistic and ecological view
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inter alia
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sustainable development
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decimated
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trained: ____________
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|
|
| ‘Would’ tells us what the author used to do, or what used to happen. | ‘Could’ tells us what the author was usually able to do, or grandfather is now not able to do. |
Choose would and could to replace the italicised words in the following sentences.
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| 1. | Introduction | Welcoming/Greeting, Introduction of the guest/Occasion. |
| 2. | Opening questions | |
| 3. | Main body | |
| 4. | Concluding questions | |
| 5. | Summing up | Concluding the statement, Expressing gratitude. |
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| Rathi | ______. |
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are not - ______.
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