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प्रश्न
Briefly comment on:
The purpose of the author’s journey to Mount Kailash.
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उत्तर
Nick Middleton is a physical geographer and has travelled to over 50 countries. A passionate explorer, he likes to take on the challenges in the extreme conditions and survives them. His experiences in hostile conditions are endured by a television series Going to Extremes. He travels to Mount Kailash for the same reasons, surviving one of the most challenging and hostile geographical territories. The author was fascinated to explore the ancient Silk Road. He details his experience of the region and his mental as well as the physical striving. However, had there been a bit of emotional and sentimental element dropped in, the write up would have been more interesting to read.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
In ‘The Diary of a Young Girl’ how did the Franks and others celebrate two festivals, Hanukkah and St. Nicholas Day in the Annexe ?
What is the meaning of the line “Both wry with the laboured ease of loss”.
Briefly explain the following statement from the text.
“The lack of determinism in quantum theory!”
Examine the communication channels in the story between Basset and Paul's uncle.
What does the line 'I never writ, nor no man ever loved' imply?
Why is the speaker’s childhood described as ‘a forgotten boredom’?
What do you understand of the three voices in response to the question 'What does a novel do' ?
Name the world-famous personality who reached great heights despite of humble circumstances.
Make sentence of your own using the following expression.
overcome:
The best punishment is ‘forgiveness’. Discuss the sentence in light of the text you have read. You can make use of the following points.
(a) Forgiveness provides an opportunity to change the behaviour.
(b) Forgiveness leads to repentance.
(c) A person may commit a mistake/crime impulsively or under the force of strong emotions.
(d) ________________________
(e) ________________________
Study the pictures below and note down the differences.
Have you heard of birds that fly from one part of the world to another in small or large flocks?
They are called Migratory birds.
Discuss and write down two reasons why they migrate and return.
Read the poem below and fill in the gaps, choosing appropriate pairs of rhyming words, to make them meaningful.
|
Little things Little drops of water, Thus the little minutes, Little deeds of kindness, |
(love - above / sand - land / be - eternity)
Johnsy was hopeful that she will live.
Honey-bees live an organized life like human beings. Discuss what work the following honey-bees do, as per the poem. Write it down in your own words, in your notebook.
- King/Emperor bee
- Magistrate bees
- Merchant bees
- Soldier bees
- Mason bees
- Civilian bees
- Porter bees
- Judge bee
Fill in the elements that you find in the drama script of ‘A Battle to Baffle.'
Characters:
- Background Scene:
- Crisis:
- Steps taken to resolve the crisis:
- Climax:
- The end:
Fill in the gap, choosing a word from the bracket to make an appropriate comparison.
as ______ as a worm
Suggest what you would do in the following situation:
One particular friend of yours is always late for college, social functions, movies, etc. and delays everyone.
Describe the following with the help of the story.
The fabric is woven by Thiruvalluvar
Compare the features of a comedy and tragedy.
Give reasons :
Oberon and Titania fight for the custody of the Indian boy because - Oberon wants __________________.
Discuss and write 1-2 lines about the following.
Yonamine’s fight with Bushi (disguised as a bandit).
Form groups and hold debates on the following topic. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3-6 points each).
Boys cannot cook or do any housework.
Answer the following question in one sentence.
What does the man who misses all the fun do?
‘Smart Answers’: Form a large group. Each person asks the next one a question to get him to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. He/She can use appropriate statements, requests, or even other questions as a response. But if he/she says ‘yes’ or ‘no’, he/she is out. Otherwise, he/she continues the game. Questions cannot be repeated.
Hold a mock trial for the following offence. There should be a complainant, a defendant, and lawyers to argue the case on behalf of them. The whole class can vote to pass the judgment. On what occasions will you plead for justice? What punishment will you suggest? When will you plead for mercy?
A very poor and honest servant has broken a vase while cleaning it. The vase was valuable and the employer liked it very much.
Discuss what makes the following sentences funny.
- Your wasted time will be refunded.
- There was no highway attached to the booth.
Write the rhyme scheme of the poem (Autumn).
Form groups of 4. Find all the references to the time given in the passage. Then make a chart to show the events described in the passage along with the time when they occur. Example:
| All night long: | The crew stayed on their feet. |
| Near midnight: | ________________________ |
| At 12.53: | ________________________ |
(Use as many lines as you need.)
Mention the various places that the brook flows past.
How does the following character in the story live up to their name? Provide points from the story.
Taffimai Metallumai
Write what the following do, with the help of the poem.
ripples
What did he try to take the milk from?
What is meant by being ‘offline’?
The author left the ties in the taxi.
Fill in the table
| Problems Faced By Mr. Fogg And His Team | Solution |
| The train stopped in the middle of the forest. | |
| They couldn’t hire the elephant. | |
| They were in need of an elephant driver. |
Read the following lines and answer the questions.
It’s a slow, unwavering, ingrained trait
With the patience to work and the strength to wait.
- What is an ‘ingrained trait’?
- Why does a courageous man need patience?
What did Amma mean when she said tomatoes, ladies' fingers and corn came from other countries?
Why did the girls snigger?
Name the vegetables harvested in the vegetation hab.
Which planet has rings around it?
Amuthan locked the door behind him.
Read scene I of the play carefully and answer the question below.
Who is about to go on a hunt? Do the wolves panic on his arrival? Explain.
They use ______ as bait.
The old man was carrying _____.
Will you solve a mystery with friends? Why?
Choose the correct answer.
Pick and write the adverbs to complete the sentence.
A jackal cheated the crow ______.
Do you like this kind of world?
Where were they going?
Every year the children visit the______.
Name the animal and sound it makes.
What do you think birds say to each other in the morning?
Who was burning with curiosity?
Who was Nokomis?
On the basis of your understanding of the given passage, make notes in any appropriate format.
The Sherpas were nomadic people who first migrated from Tibet approximately 600 years ago, through the Nangpa La pass and settled in the Solukhumbu District, Nepal. These nomadic people then gradually moved westward along salt trade routes. During 14th century, Sherpa ancestors migrated from Kham. The group of people from the Kham region, east of Tibet, was called “Shyar Khamba”. The inhabitants of Shyar Khamba, were called Sherpa. Sherpa migrants travelled through Ü and Tsang, before crossing the Himalayas. According to Sherpa oral history, four groups migrated out of Solukhumbu at different times, giving rise to the four fundamental Sherpa clans: Minyagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa and Chawa. These four groups have since split into the more than 20 different clans that exist today
Sherpas had little contact with the world beyond the mountains and they spoke their own language. AngDawa, a 76-year-old former mountaineer recalled “My first expedition was to Makalu [the world’s fifth highest mountain] with Sir Edmund Hillary’’. We were not allowed to go to the top. We wore leather boots that got really heavy when wet, and we only got a little salary, but we danced the Sherpa dance, and we were able to buy firewood and make campfires, and we spent a lot of the time dancing and singing and drinking. Today Sherpas get good pay and good equipment, but they don’t have good entertainment. My one regret is that I never got to the top of Everest. I got to the South Summit, but I never got a chance to go for the top.
The transformation began when the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and the New Zealander Edmund Hillary scaled Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary took efforts to build schools and health clinics to raise the living standards of the Sherpas. Thus life in Khumbu improved due to the efforts taken by Edmund Hillary and hence he was known as ‘Sherpa King’.
Sherpas working on the Everest generally tend to perish one by one, casualties of crevasse falls, avalanches, and altitude sickness. Some have simply disappeared on the mountain, never to be seen again. Apart from the bad seasons in 1922, 1970 and 2014 they do not die en masse. Sherpas carry the heaviest loads and pay the highest prices on the world’s tallest mountain. In some ways, Sherpas have benefited from the commercialization of the Everest more than any group, earning income from thousands of climbers and trekkers drawn to the mountain. While interest in climbing Everest grew gradually over the decades after the first ascent, it wasn’t until the 1990s that the economic motives of commercial guiding on Everest began. This leads to eclipse the amateur impetus of traditional mountaineering. Climbers looked after each other for the love of adventure and “the brotherhood of the rope” now are tending to mountain businesses. Sherpas have taken up jobs as guides to look after clients for a salary. Commercial guiding agencies promised any reasonably fit person a shot at Everest.
Bertha was very good but very proud too.
