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Physics Official Board Paper 2024-2025 HSC Science (General) 12th Standard Board Exam Question Paper Solution

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Physics [Official Board Paper]
Marks: 70 Maharashtra State Board
HSC Science (General)
HSC Science (Electronics)
HSC Science (Computer Science)

Academic Year: 2024-2025
Date & Time: 28th June 2025, 11:00 am
Duration: 3h
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General Instructions:

The question paper is divided into four sections.

  1. Section A: Q. No. 1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying One mark each.
                      Q. No. 2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying One mark each.
  2. Section B: Q. No. 3 to Q. No. 14 contain Twelve short answer type of questions carrying Two marks each. (Attempt any Eight)
  3. Section C: Q. No. 15 to Q No. 26 contain Twelve short answer type of questions carrying Three marks each. (Attempt any Eight)
  4. Section D: Q. No. 27 to Q. No. 31 are Five long answer type of questions carrying Four marks each. (Attempt any Three)
  5. Use of the log table is allowed. Use of calculator is not allowed.
  6. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
  7. For multiple choice type questions, only the first attempt will be considered for evaluation.
  8. Physical Constants:
    1. h = 6.63 × 10−34 Js
    2. c = 3 × 108 m/s
    3. π = 3.142
    4. g = 9.8 m/s2
    5. ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2/Nm2
    6. μ0 = 4π × 10−7 Wb/Am
    7. mass of electron, me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
    8. mass of proton, mp = 1.672 × 10−27 kg
    9. Stefan’s constant, σ = 5.67 × 10−8 Jm−2 s−1 k−4
    10.  Rydberg’s constant, RH = 1.097 × 107 m−1

SECTION - A
[10]1. | Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of questions:
[1]1. i.

For which of the following bodies, the principle of perpendicular axes is applicable?

Spherical 

Conical 

Cylindrical 

Laminar

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. ii.

Which of the following equations represents a simple harmonic progressive wave travelling along the negative X-direction?

Y = a sin (kx − ωt)

Y = a sin (kx + ωt)

Y = a sin (ky − ωt)

Y = a sin (ky + ωt)

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. iii.

In a cyclotron final kinetic energy of a particle revolving in a circular path of radius ‘R’ exit is ______.

K.E. ∝ Rexit

K.E. ∝ R2exit

`K.E. ∝ 1/(R_"exit")`

`K.E. ∝ 1/(R_"exit"^2)`

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. iv.

For which of the following metals, photoelectric effect is possible for visible radiation?

Zinc

Cadmium 

Magnesium

Sodium

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. v.

The gyromagnetic ratio of electron is ______.

`(2m_e)/e`

`(2m_e)/(e^2)`

`e/(2m_e)`

`(e^2)/(2m_e)`

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. vi.

Two capillary tubes of radii 0.3 cm and 0.6 cm are dipped in the same liquid. The ratio of heights through which the liquid will rise in the tubes is ______.

1: 2

2: 1

1: 4

4: 1

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [2] Mechanical Properties of Fluids
[1]1. vii.

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law applied to a loop deals with the conservation of ______.

momentum 

mass 

energy 

charge

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. viii.

How many times the intensity of an unpolarized light wave reduces after passing through a polarizer?

`1/2`

`1/4`

`1/6`

`1/8`

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. ix.

If pressure of gas contained in a closed vessel is increased by 0.4% when heated by 1°C, its initial temperature must be ______.

200°C

250°C

300°C

350°C

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. x.

The wavelength and power of the incident light is 4000 Å and 0.1 W respectively. The number of incident photons is ______.

2.011 × 1017

3.011 × 1017

4.011 × 1017

5.011 × 1017

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[8]2. | Answer the following questions:
[1]2. i.

What is the velocity of a particle performing linear SHM, at extreme position?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. ii.

What happens to a ferromagnetic substance heated above Curie temperature?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [15] Magnetism
[1]2. iii.

What is the coefficient of transmission for athermanous materials?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. iv.

In a photodiode, on which property the dark current depends?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. v.

Define mutual inductance.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [12] Electromagnetic Induction [16] Electromagnetic Inductions
[1]2. vi.

What is Magnetization?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [11] Magnetic Materials [15] Magnetism
[1]2. vii.

A metal ring of radius 20 cm is rotating about a transverse axis passing through its centre. What will be its radius of gyration about the same axis?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. viii.

In a hydraulic lift, area of pistons are A1 and A2 respectively (A2 >> A1). If force F1 is applied on piston 1, then what is the force exerted on piston 2?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
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SECTION - B
[16]3. | Attempt any EIGHT questions of the following:
[2]3.

Derive the expression for the moment of inertia of a uniform disc about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]4.

What is the effect of impurities on surface tension of a liquid?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]5.

Explain the thermodynamics of adiabatic process to obtain adiabatic constant for rigid diatomic molecule of a gas?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]6.

Draw a neat labelled diagram of variation of kinetic energy and potential energy with displacement in S.H.M.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]7.

Assuming an equation of magnetic force due to arbitrarily shaped wire, obtain an expression for force on a closed circuit in a uniform magnetic field.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]8.

Distinguish between diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [11] Magnetic Materials [15] Magnetism
[2]9.

State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [12] Electromagnetic Induction
[2]10.

In a purely resistive circuit a source of e.m.f. having e = 140 sin (3142 t) is connected across a pure resistor. If value of rms current is 1.98 A, calculate the value of resistance.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]11.

In SI units, the differential equation of an S.H.M. is `(d^2x)/(dt^2)` = − 36x. Find its frequency and period.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [4] Oscillations [5] Oscillations
[2]12.

Two tuning forks having frequencies 160 Hz and 170 Hz are sounded together to produce sound waves. The velocity of sound in air is 326.4 ms−1. Calculate the difference between wave lengths of these waves.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]13.

What must be the ratio of the slit width to the wavelength for a single slit, to have the first diffraction minimum at 45°?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]14.

A potential gradient of a wire is 0.5 V/m. If the e.m.f. of a cell balances against 216 cm of this potentiometer wire, calculate e.m.f. of the cell.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
SECTION – C (24 Marks)
Attempt any EIGHT questions of the following:
[3]15.

Obtain an expression for torque acting on a body rotating with uniform angular acceleration.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [1] Rotational Dynamics
[1]16. i.

Define the cohesive force.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]16. ii.

Define the term range of molecular force.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]16. iii.

Define the sphere of influence.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [2] Mechanical Properties of Fluids [6] Surface Tension
[3]17.

Show that only odd harmonics are present in an air column vibrating in a pipe closed at one end.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [6] Superposition of Waves [8] Stationary Waves
[3]18.

Obtain an expression for the electric intensity at a point outside a uniformly charged spherical shell.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]19.

Explain with a neat circuit diagram. How you will determine the unknown resistances using a meter bridge.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [9] Current Electricity
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[3]20.

Derive the expression for magnetic field produced by a current in a circular arc of wire.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [10] Magnetic Fields Due to Electric Current
[2]21. i.

Derive an expression for the law of radioactive decay.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]21. ii.

SI unit of ‘activity.’

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]22.

Compute the shortest and the longest wavelength in the Lyman series of hydrogen atom.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]23.

The de Broglie wavelengths associated with an electron and a proton are the same. What will be the ratio of

  1. their momenta
  2. their kinetic energies?
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [14] Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
[3]24.

A parallel plate capacitor is maintained at potential of 400 V. If area of plates is 40 cm2 and separation between plates is 40 mm, calculate displacement current in 1μs.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]25.

A 120 watt filament lamp loses all its energy by radiation from its surface. The emissivity of the surface is 0.6. The area of the surface is 3.53 × 10−3 m2. Calculate the temperature of the filament.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]26.

 A Carnot engine receives 4000 J of heat from a reservoir at 500 K, does some work, rejects 2000 J heat to reservoir at 200 K.

  1. How much work does it do?
  2. What is its efficiency?
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
SECTION - D (12 Marks)
Attempt any THREE questions of the following:
[1]27. i.

Define the isothermal process.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]27. ii.

Derive an expression for the work done during an isothermal process.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]27. iii.

Draw the PV diagram for the isothermal process.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [4] Thermodynamics
[3]28. i.

Using phasor diagram for a series LCR circuit, obtain an expression for impedance.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]28. ii.

Define admittance.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]29. i.

Obtain an expression for motional e.m.f. in a rotating bar with constant angular velocity ‘ω’ inuniform magnetic field perpendicular to plane of rotation.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]29. ii.

The mutual inductance (M) of the two coils is 1.5 H. The self inductances of the coils are 5 H and 4 H. Calculate the coefficient of coupling between the coils.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]30. i.

Define a logic gate.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]30. ii.

Why is a NOT gate known as an inverter?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]30. iii.

The transistor is in the common emitter configuration. Its DC current gain is 50. If collector current is 3 mA, calculate the base current.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]31. i.

State any four conditions for obtaining well–defined and Steady interference patterns.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [7] Wave Optics
[2]31. ii.

Light incident at angle 52.5° on a bucket filled with water be completely polarised after reflection. Calculate the refractive index of the water.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:

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