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प्रश्न
Explain with a neat circuit diagram. How you will determine the unknown resistances using a meter bridge.
Explain with a neat circuit diagram how will you determine unknown resistance ‘X’ by using meter bridge.
With the help of neat labelled circuit diagram explain the use of metre bridge to determine unknown resistance.
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उत्तर
Construction: Metrebridge consists of a one-metre-long wire of uniform cross-section, stretched on a metre scale which is fixed on a wooden table. The ends of the wire are fixed below two L shaped metallic strips. A single metallic stripe separates the two L-shaped strips leaving two gaps, left gap and right gap. Usually, an unknown resistance X is connected in the left gap and a resistance box is connected in the other gap. One terminal of a galvanometer is connected to point C on the central strip, while the other terminal of the galvanometer carries the jockey (J). Temporary contact with the wire AB can be established with the help of the jockey. A cell of emf E along with a key and a rheostat is connected between points A and B.
Working: A suitable resistance R is selected from the resistance box. The jockey is brought in contact with AB at various points on the wire AB and the balance point (null point), D is obtained. The galvanometer shows no deflection when the jockey is at the balance point (point D). The distances lx and lR of the null point from the two ends of the wire are measured.
Then, using the balancing conditions,
`X/R = R_(AD)/R_(DB)` ...(1)
where RAD and RDB are the resistances of parts AD and DB of the wire, respectively.
If l is the length of the wire, ρ is its specific resistance, and A is its area of cross-section, then
`R_AD = (rhol_x)/A` ...(2)
`R_DB = (rhol_R)/A` ...(3)
From equations (1), (2) and (3),
`X/R = R_(AD)/R_(DC) = (rhol_x/A)/(rhol_R/A)`
∴ `X/R = l_x/l_R`
∴ X = `l_x/l_R R`
Thus, knowing R, lx and lR, the value of the unknown resistance can be determined.
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