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प्रश्न
Distinguish between plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA.
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उत्तर
| Sr. no. | Plasmid DNA | Chromosomal DNA |
| 1. | Plasmids are circular external DNA that is self-replicating and are naturally found in bacteria and yeast. | Chromosomal DNA sequence, including recognition site, is present in the chromosomes of all organisms. |
| 2. | It is not necessary for normal growth and division. | This is necessary for growth and division. |
| 3. | It contains information about some properties of the cell. | It contains information about all the properties. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Retroviruses have no DNA. However, the DNA of the infected host cell does possess viral DNA. How is it possible?
Rearrange the following in the correct sequence to accomplish an important biological reaction:
(a) In vitro synthesis of copies of DNA of interest
(b) Chemically synthesized oligonucleotides
(c) Enzyme DNA-polymerase
(d) Complementary region of DNA
(e) Genomic DNA template
(f) Nucleotides provided
(g) Primers
(h) Thermostable DNA-polymerase (from Thermus aquaticus)
(i) Denaturation of ds-DNA
What are plasmids?
Give a reason why :
Proteases are added during the isolation of DNA for genetic engineering.
Explain the properties of a good or ideal cloning vector for rDNA technology.
Enlist different types of restriction enzymes commonly used in rDNA technology? Write about their role.
The technique which involves addition or deletion of genes is ______.
ECoRI is obtained from ______.
Alu-I is obtained from which organism?
For which of the following purpose restriction endonuclease enzyme is used in genetic engineering?
Identify the CORRECT order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
The vector Baculovirus is used for gene transfer in ____________.
Lytic cycle involves bacteriophage and ____________.
Exonuclease performs the function of ____________.
A technique used to make numerous copies of a specific DNA segment quickly and accurately is called ______
Name and describe the technique that helps in separation of DNA fragments.
The rDNA technology has provided a method to control the nematode parasite Meloidogyne incognita. Explain the principle involved in this technique.
The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through the mediation of a viral vector is termed as ______.
Name a recombinant vaccine that is currently being used in vaccination programme.
Annealing step of PCR operates at ______ °C.
| Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil. |
(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?
(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.
(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.
Study the following lists and choose the correct match.
| List I | List II |
| A. Vector | (i) Resistant to cotton bollworms |
| B. Downstream processing | (ii) Mobile genetic elements |
| C. Cry II AB | (iii) Controls corn borers |
| D. Transposons | (iv) Ti plasmid |
| (v) Purifying protein in biopharmaceuticals |
The structure below shows pUC18, which is similar to pBR322 in its function. However, they differ in some of their restriction sites and the number of ori. The ori number for pBR322 is approximately 20.
- How are puc18 and pBR322 used in biotechnological studies?
OR
What will be the impact if the ori in the above structure gets damaged? - The lac z gene has many recognition sites. Study the segment of DNA given below and answer the questions.
5’... ATC GTA AAG CTT CAT…3’
3’... TAG CAT TTC GAA GTA…5’
i) Applying your knowledge of palindrome sequences identify and mark the possible region where the restriction enzyme X will act.
ii) Restriction enzyme Y was used to extract a gene of interest from a plant. This gene needs to be inserted in the given DNA segment which has been treated with restriction enzyme X. Will there be a successful recombination? Explain with a reason. - Which one of the two (pUC18 and pBR322) would you prefer for biotechnological studies? Justify.
Expand YAC used in the field of Biotechnology.
Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the cloning vector shown above. In which organism in this cloning vector inserted?
-
Mention any two restriction sites shown in the diagram.
- Name any two selectable markers shown in the diagram.
The manipulation of genetic material towards a desired end using "in-vitro" process is called______.
According to the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB), biotechnology is defined as:
Genetic engineering is also known as:
How does the concept of cloning relate to the multiplication of genetic material in biotechnology?
