Technical Terms Related to a Machine

The resistive or opposing force to be overcome by a machine is called load (L). 

The force applied on the machine to overcome the load is called effort (E).

The ratio of load to effort is called the mechanical advantage of the machine

Mechanical advantage (M.A.) = \[\frac{Load\left(L\right)}{Effort\left(E\right)}\]

The ratio of the velocity of effort to the velocity of load is called the velocity ratio of the machine.

\[\text{Velocity Ratio (V.R.)}=\frac{\text{Velocity of Effort }(V_E)}{\text{Velocity of Load }(V_L)}\]

or

\[\mathrm{V.R.}=\frac{d_{E}}{d_{L}}\]

The work done on the machine by the effort is called work input (W_input).

The work done by the machine on the load is called work output (W_output).

Efficiency of a machine is the ratio of the work done on the load by the machine to the work done on the machine by the effort.

or

Efficiency is the ratio of work output to work input. It is denoted by the symbol (η).

\[\text{Efficiency n}=\frac{\text{Work output}(\mathrm{W}_{output})}{\mathrm{Work~input}(\mathrm{W}_{input})}\]

or

\[{\text{Efficiency }\eta=\frac{\text{Work output}(\mathrm{W}_{output})}{\mathrm{Work~input}(\mathrm{W}_{input})}\times100\%}\]