Topics
Electric Charges and Fields
- Electric Charge
- Conductors and Insulators
- Basic Properties of Electric Charge
- Coulomb’s Law
- Forces between Multiple Charges
- Electric Field
- Electric Field Due to a System of Charges
- Physical Significance of Electric Field
- Electric Field Lines
- Electric Flux
- Electric Dipole
- Dipole in a Uniform External Field
- Continuous Charge Distribution
- Gauss’s Law
- Application of Gauss' Law
Electrostatics
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Electric Potential and Potential Energy
- Electrostatic Potential
- Potential Due to a Point Charge
- Potential Due to an Electric Dipole
- Potential due to a System of Charges
- Equipotential Surfaces
- Relation Between Electric Field and Electrostatic Potential
- Potential Energy of a System of Charges
- Potential Energy of a Single Charge
- Potential Energy of a System of Two Charges in an External Field
- Potential Energy of a Dipole in an External Field
- Electrostatics of Conductors
- Dielectrics and Polarisation
- Capacitors and Capacitance
- The Parallel Plate Capacitor
- Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
- Combination of Capacitors
- Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor
- Overview: Electric Potential
- Overview: Capacitors and Dielectrics
Current Electricity
Current Electricity
- Electric Current
- Electric Currents in Conductors
- Ohm's Law
- Mobility of Electrons
- Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity
- Limitations of Ohm’s Law
- Resistivity of Various Materials
- Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
- Electrical Energy and Power in Conductors
- Cells, EMF, and Internal Resistance
- Cells in Series and in Parallel
- Kirchhoff’s Laws
- Wheatstone Bridge
- Overview: Electric Resistance and Ohm's Law
- Overview: DC Circuits and Measurements
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Moving Charges and Magnetism
- Introduction to Electromagnetism
- Motion in a Magnetic Field
- Biot-Savart Law
- Applications of Biot-Savart's Law > Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current-Carrying Loop
- Ampere’s Circuital Law
- Solenoid
- Torque on a Rectangular Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- Force Between Two Parallel Currents (Ampere’s Law)
- Circular Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole
- Overview: Moving Charges and Magnetic Field
- Moving Coil Galvanometer
- Overview: Torque on a Current-Loop : Moving-Coil Galvanometer
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic Waves
Magnetism and Matter
- Concept of Magnetism
- The Bar Magnet
- Magnetic Field Lines
- Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid
- The Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- The Electrostatic Analog
- Magnetism and Gauss’s Law
- Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
- Magnetic Properties of Materials
- Overview: Magnetism and Mater
Optics
Electromagnetic Induction
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Alternating Current
- AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
- Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors - Phasors
- AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
- Phasor-diagram Solution
- Resonance
- Power in AC Circuit
- Transformers
- Overview: AC Circuits
Electromagnetic Waves
- Concept of Electromagnetic Waves
- Displacement Current
- Sources of Electromagnetic Waves
- Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Overview of Electromagnetic Waves
Atoms and Nuclei
Electronic Devices
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Ray Optics Or Geometrical Optics
- Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
- Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Focal Length of Spherical Mirrors
- Mirror Equation of Spherical Mirrors
- Refraction of Light
- Total Internal Reflection
- Applications of Total Internal Reflection
- Refraction at a Spherical Surfaces
- Refraction by a Lens
- Power of a Lens
- Combined Focal Length of Two Thin Lenses in Contact
- Refraction of Light Through a Prism
- Optical Instruments
- Microscope and it’s types
- Telescope
- Overview of Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Wave Optics
- Concept of Wave Optics
- Huygens' Principle
- Refraction of a Plane Wave
- Refraction at a Rarer Medium
- Reflection of a Plane Wave by a Plane Surface
- Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
- Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
- Diffraction of Light
- The Single Slit
- Seeing the Single Slit Diffraction Pattern
- Polarisation of Light
- Overview: Wave Optics
Communication Systems
The Special Theory of Relativity
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Dual Nature of Radiation
- Electron Emission
- Photoelectric Effect - Hertz’s Observations
- Photoelectric Effect - Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s Observations
- Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
- Effects of Intensity and Frequency on Photocurrent
- Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
- Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
- Particle Nature of Light: The Photon
- Wave Nature of Matter
- Overview: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Atoms
Nuclei
- Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
- Size of the Nucleus
- Mass - Energy
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Nuclear Force
- Radioactivity
- Forms of Energy > Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion
- Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
- Overview: Nuclei
Semiconductor Electronics - Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
- Concept of Semiconductor Electronics
- Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors
- Intrinsic Semiconductor
- Extrinsic Semiconductor
- n-type Semiconductor
- p-type Semiconductor
- Diode or p-n Junction
- Semiconductor Diode
- Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier
- Overview: Semiconductor Electronics
Communication Systems
- Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave
- Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave
- Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems
- Sinusoidal Waves
- Modulation and Its Necessity
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Need for Modulation and Demodulation
- Satellite Communication
- Propagation of EM Waves
- Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
- Bandwidth of Signals
The Special Theory of Relativity
- The Special Theory of Relativity
- The Principle of Relativity
- Maxwell'S Laws
- Kinematical Consequences
- Dynamics at Large Velocity
- Energy and Momentum
- The Ultimate Speed
- Twin Paradox
Estimated time: 5 minutes
CISCE: Class 12
Definition: Electric Force
The force of attraction or repulsion acting between two electric charges is called the electric force.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)
The ratio of the force between two point charges placed at a certain distance apart in free space or vacuum to the force between the same two point charges when placed at the same distance in the given medium is called relative permittivity or dielectric constant.
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Law: Coulomb's Law
The force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges at rest is directly proportional to the product of the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Formula - Scalar Form:
F = \[\frac{1}{4\pi K\varepsilon_0}\cdot\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}\]
Formula - Vector Form:
\[\vec F_{12}\] = \[\frac{1}{4\pi K\varepsilon_{0}}\cdot\frac{q_{1}q_{2}}{r_{12}^{2}}\hat{r}_{12}\]
where q1 and q2 are charges separated by distance r, and \[\hat r_{12}\] is the unit vector from q1 to q2.
