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CISCE(English Medium) ICSE Class 10
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Syllabus

Overview of Waste Management Part II - Need for Waste Management and Methods of Safe Disposal

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Topics

CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Segregation

  • Segregation of waste means separating waste into wet, dry, biodegradable and non-biodegradable types before disposal.
  • Wet and biodegradable waste (food, vegetable peels, garden waste) can be decomposed and converted into compost or biogas.
  • Dry and non-biodegradable waste (plastic, glass, metal, paper) cannot decompose naturally and should be recycled or reused.
  • Segregation reduces pollution and decreases the amount of waste sent to landfills, saving time, money and effort.
  • Using separate dustbins for wet and dry waste at homes and public places is essential for safe waste management.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Dumping

  • Open dumping is the cheapest method of waste disposal but causes foul smell, pollution, diseases, and spoils the environment.
  • Dumping grounds become breeding centres for flies, mosquitoes and rats, spreading epidemics.
  • Rainwater runoff from dumping sites carries toxic substances and pollutes surface and groundwater.
  • Sanitary landfills are safer as waste is dumped in pits, covered with soil, and allowed to decompose scientifically.
  • Sanitary landfills reduce air pollution, fire hazards, water contamination, and health risks compared to open dumping.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Composting

  • Composting converts organic waste into useful manure (compost).
  • It is an eco-friendly process and does not cause pollution.
  • Compost improves soil fertility and water-holding capacity.
  • It enriches soil with humus and supports healthy plant growth.
  • It reduces soil erosion and the need for chemical fertilisers.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Incineration

  • Incineration is the burning of waste at very high temperatures.
  • It is mainly used for hazardous and medical waste in cities.
  • The process reduces the volume of waste by about 50%.
  • It kills harmful organisms but produces ash and gases like CO₂.
  • It is costly and consumes a large amount of energy.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Reduce-Reuse-Recycle Waste

  • Reduce means minimizing waste generation by improving production processes and using materials efficiently.
  • Reuse involves using discarded items again (bottles, tyres, cloth, paper, metal) to reduce waste disposal.
  • Recycle converts waste materials like plastic, paper, glass and fly ash into new useful products.
  • Plastic waste recycling helps reduce landfill load and is used in making roads, bags and containers.
  • 3R approach conserves natural resources, reduces pollution, and supports sustainable waste management.
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