Topics
Interpretation of Topographical Maps
- Introduction to Topographical Maps and Their Significance
- Elements of a Map
- Types of Maps
- Structure of Topographical Map
- Various Levels of Topographical Maps Based on Different Scales
- Topographic or Ordnance Survey Maps
- Map Scale
- Grid Reference
- National Grid Reference
- Conventional Signs and Symbols used in Topographical Maps
- Representation of Relief Features
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Hachures
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Hill Shading
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Contours
- Identification of Landforms Marked by Contours
- Contour Diagrams
- River Features and Drainage Pattern in a Topographical Map
- The Stages of the River
- Measurement of Distances on a Map
- Means of Irrigation and Other Water Features in a Topographical Map
- Direction
- Representation of Heights in · Topographical Map
- Map Reading
- Primary Information or Marginal Information
- Relationship Between Physical Features and Human Activities
- Analysis of Topo-sheet No. G43S7
- Analysis of Topo-sheet No. G43S10
- Occupation, Settlement Pattern, Natural Vegetation, Human-Made and Natural Features
Map Work
Contours
- Representation of Relief Features
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Contours
- Contour Interval
- Identification of Landforms Marked by Contours
- Drawing of Contours and Their Cross Sections
- Conventional Signs and Symbols used in Topographical Maps
- Features on a Topo-sheet
Geography of India
Map of India
- Physical and Political Features of India – Map Work
- Mountains, Peaks, Passes and Plateaus of India
- Plains, Desert of India
- Rivers and Water Bodies of India
- Latitude and Longitude of India
- Direction of South-West Monsoon Winds in India
- Direction of North-East Monsoon Winds in India
- Distribution of Minerals in India
- Soil Distribution of India
- Cities in India
- Distribution of Population in India
Scales and Direction
- Map Scale
- Types of Scale
- Measuring Distance on the Map Using Scales
Location, Extent and Physical Features of India
- Introduction of Location and Extent
- Physical Features of India
- Physical Division of India
- Significance of the Great Northern Wall
- Physical Division of India > North Indian Plains
- Western Himalayas VS Eastern Himalayas
- Significance of the Northern Plains
- Physical Division of India > The Peninsula
- Western Ghats VS Eastern Ghats
- Drainage System in the Peninsular India
- Physical Division of India > The Plateau Region
- Western Coastal Plains VS Eastern Coastal Plains
- Physical Division of India > The Coastal Plains
- Physical Division of India > The Island Group
- Rivers of Northern India VS Rivers of Peninsular India
Climate of India
- Climate of India
- Distribution of Temperature
- Factors Affecting India's Climate
- Land and Sea Breeze VS Monsoon Winds
- Seasons in India > Hot Dry Summer
- Seasons in India > The South-West Monsoon Season
- Seasons in India > Retreating Monsoon
- Seasons in India > The North-East Monsoon Season
- Distribution of Rainfall
- From Climate to Climate Change
- Advance of the Southwest Monsoon
- Characteristics of Southwest Monsoon
- Differences between the Arabian Sea Branch · and the Bay of Bengal Branch of Southwest Monsoon Winds
- Characteristics of Retreating Southwest monsoon season
- Differences between the Advancing Southwest monsoon and the Retreating Southwest Monsoon
- Differences between the rainfall brought by temperate cyclones and the rainfall brought by tropical cyclones
- Cold Dry Winter Season
- Characteristics of Cold dry winter season
- South-West Monsoon VS Retreating Monsoon VS North-East Monsoon
Map Reading and Interpretation
Soils in India
- Introduction to Soil in India
- Soil Formation and Factors Affecting It
- Types of Soil > Alluvial Soil
- Types of Soil > Black Soil
- Types of Soil > Red Soil
- Types of Soil > Laterite Soils
- Soil Erosion
- Causes of Soil Erosion
- Prevention of Soil Erosion
- Soil Conservation
- Soil Conservation Schemes Initiated by the Government
- Alluvial Soil VS Black Soil VS Red Soil VS Laterite Soil
Natural Vegetation of India
- Introduction of Natural Vegetation
- Importance of Forests
- Major Types of Vegetation in India
- Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests
- Tropical Deciduous Forest
- Tropical Dry Forests or Tropical Desert Vegetation
- Mangrove Forests (Tidal Forest)
- Mountain or Montane Forest
- Correlation of the Forests with the Environment
- Forest Conservation
- Measures for Forest Conservation
- Role of Government in Forest Conservation
Water Resources
- Sources of Water
- Need to Conserve Water
- Water Conservation Practices > Rainwater Harvesting
- Water Conservation Practices > Watershed Management
- Water Conservation Practices > Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
- Water Conservation Practices > Recharging Groundwater Aquifers
- Irrigation
- Need for Irrigation
- Means of Irrigation
- Well Irrigation
- Tank Irrigation
- Canal Irrigation
- Modern Irrigation Methods
- India: A Land of Rivers Yet Water Scarce
Mineral and Energy Resources in India - Part I
Mineral and Energy Resources - Part II
- Sources of Energy
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Coal
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Petroleum or Mineral Oil
- Oil Refineries in India
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Natural Gas
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Hydel Power
- Bhakra Nangal Dam
- Hirakud Project
- Non-Conventional Sources > Solar Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Wind Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Tidal Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Geothermal Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Nuclear Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Biogas Energy
- Major Producers of Minerals and Energy Resources in India
Agriculture in India - Part I
- Importance and Features of Indian Agriculture
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Economic Problems
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Environmental Problems
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Technological Problems
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Institutional Problems
- Agricultural Reforms and the Green Revolution in India
- Minimum Support Price (MSP)
- Types of Farming in India > Subsistence Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Commercial Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Shifting Agriculture
- Types of Farming in India > Intensive Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Extensive Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Plantation Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Mixed Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Organic Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Cooperative Farming
- Agricultural Seasons in India
Agriculture in India Part II - Food Crops
Agriculture in India Part III - Cash Crops
- Cash Crops
- Sugarcane
- Oilseeds
- Cotton
- Jute
- Tea
- Coffee
- Major Crops: Food Crops
- Overview of Agriculture in India Part III - Cash Crops
Industries in India Part I -Agro Based Industries
Industries in India Part II - Mineral-Based Industries
- Iron and Steel Industry
- Major Iron and Steel Plants
- Petrochemical Industry
- Electronics
- Overview of Industries in India Part II - Mineral-Based Industries
Transport in India
- Introduction and Importance of Transport System in India
- Types of Transport > Roadways
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Roadways
- Types of Transport > Railways
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Railways
- Types of Transport > Airways
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Airways
- Types of Transport > Waterways
- Oceanic Waterways or Coastal Shipping
- Expressways VS National Highways
- Difference Between a Port and a Harbour
- Overview of Transport in India
Waste Management Part I - Impact of Waste Accumulation
- Concept of Waste
- Sources of Waste
- Types of Pollution
- Impact of Accumulated Waste > Spoilage of Landscape
- Impact of Accumulated Waste > Pollution
- Health Hazards
- Need for Management of Waste
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Overview of Waste Management Part I - Impact of Waste Accumulation
Waste Management Part II - Need for Waste Management and Methods of Safe Disposal
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Segregation
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Dumping
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Composting
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Incineration
- Reduce-Reuse-Recycle Waste
- Overview of Waste Management Part II - Need for Waste Management and Methods of Safe Disposal
Waste Management Part III - Need and Methods for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Waste
- Reducing Waste
- Need for Reusing Waste
- Recycling of Waste
- Government Initiatives to Manage Waste
- Overview of Waste Management Part III - Need and Methods for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Waste
CISCE: Class 10
Key Points: Distribution of Rainfall
- Distribution of rainfall in India depends on pressure conditions, relief features, wind direction, and cyclonic depressions.
- Heavy rainfall regions (more than 200 cm) include the windward slopes of the Western Ghats and the Meghalaya–Assam hills.
- Moderate rainfall regions (100–200 cm) include the Middle Ganga Valley, parts of Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
- Low rainfall regions (50–100 cm) include parts of the Deccan Plateau, Punjab, Haryana, eastern Rajasthan, and Kashmir.
- Scanty rainfall regions (less than 50 cm) include the Thar Desert, Kachchh, and rain-shadow areas of the Deccan Plateau, making rainfall in India uneven and uncertain.
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [106]
| Stations | Latitude | Altitude (Metres) | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | Jun. | July. | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual Rainfall |
|
Temperature (°C) |
20.5 |
22.7 |
25.2 |
27.1 |
26.7 |
24.2 |
23.0 |
23.0 |
23.1 |
22.9 |
18.9 |
20.2 |
|||
| Bengaluru | 12°58'N | 909 |
|
|
|
||||||||||
| Rainfall (cm) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 7.1 | 11.1 | 13.7 | 16.4 |
15.3 |
6.1 |
1.3 |
88.9 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
24.4 |
24.4 |
26.7 |
28.3 |
30.0 |
28.9 |
27.2 |
27.2 |
27.2 |
27.8 |
27.2 |
25.0 |
|||
|
Mumbai |
19° N | 11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
– |
– |
1.8 |
50.6 |
61.0 |
36.9 |
26.9 |
4.8 |
1.0 |
– |
183.4 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
19.6 |
22.0 |
27.1 |
30.1 |
30.4 |
29.9 |
28.9 |
28.7 |
28.9 |
27.6 |
23.4 |
19.7 |
|||
|
Kolkata |
22°34'N | 6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
1.2 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
5.1 |
13.4 |
29.0 |
33.1 |
33.4 |
25.3 |
12.7 |
2.7 |
0.4 |
162.5 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
14.4 |
16.7 |
23.3 |
30.0 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
30.0 |
29.4 |
28.9 |
25.6 |
19.4 |
15.6 |
|||
|
Delhi |
29° N | 219 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
2.5 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
7.4 |
19.3 |
17.8 |
11.9 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
67.0 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
16.8 |
19.2 |
26.6 |
29.8 |
33.3 |
33.9 |
31.3 |
29.0 |
20.1 |
27.0 |
20.1 |
14.9 |
|||
|
Jodhpur |
26°18'N | 224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
3.1 |
10.8 |
13.1 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
36.6 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
24.5 |
25.7 |
27.7 |
30.4 |
33.0 |
32..5 |
31.0 |
30.2 |
29.8 |
28.0 |
25.9 |
24.9 |
|||
|
Chennai |
13°4'N | 7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
4.6 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
3.8 |
22.2 |
8.7 |
11.3 |
11.9 |
30.6 |
35.0 |
0.2 |
128.6 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
21.5 |
23.9 |
28.3 |
32.7 |
35.5 |
32.0 |
27.7 |
27.3 |
27.9 |
26.7 |
23.1 |
20.7 |
|||
|
Nagpur |
21°9'N | 312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
1.1 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
2.1 |
22.2 |
37.6 |
28.6 |
18.5 |
5.5 |
2.0 |
13.9 |
124.2 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
9.8 |
11.3 |
15.9 |
18.5 |
19.2 |
20.5 |
21.1 |
20.9 |
20.9 |
17.2 |
13.3 |
10.4 |
|||
|
Shillong |
24°34'N | 1461 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
1.4 |
2.9 |
5.6 |
14.6 |
29.5 |
47.6 |
35.9 |
34.3 |
30.2 |
18.8 |
3.8 |
1.0 |
225.3 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
26.7 |
27.3 |
28.3 |
28.7 |
28.6 |
26.6 |
26.2 |
26.2 |
26.5 |
26.7 |
26.6 |
26.5 |
|||
|
Thiruvananthapuram |
8°29'N | 61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
2.3 |
2.1 |
3.7 |
10.6 |
20.8 |
35.6 |
22.3 |
14.6 |
13.8 |
27.3 |
20.6 |
7.5 |
181.2 | ||
|
Temperature (°C) |
−8.5 |
−7.2 |
−0.6 |
6.1 |
10.0 |
14.4 |
17.2 |
16.1 |
12.2 |
6.1 |
0.0 |
−5.6 |
|||
|
Leh |
34°N | 3506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rainfall (cm) |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
– |
0.5 |
8.5 |
In above Table the average mean monthly temperatures and amounts of rainfall of ten representative stations have been given. It is for you to study on your own and convert them into ‘temperature and rainfall’ graphs. A glance at these visual representations will help you to grasp instantly the similarities and differences between them. One such graph (Figure 1) is already prepared for you. See if you can arrive at some broad generalisations about our diverse climatic conditions. 
