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Economics Board Question Paper 2025-2026 HSC Commerce (English Medium) 12th Standard Board Exam Question Paper Solution

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Economics [Board Question Paper]
Marks: 80 Maharashtra State Board
HSC Commerce (English Medium)
HSC Science (General)
HSC Arts (English Medium)
HSC Science (Electronics)
HSC Science (Computer Science)
HSC Commerce: Marketing and Salesmanship

Academic Year: 2025-2026
Date & Time: 24th February 2026, 11:00 am
Duration: 3h
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Notes:

  1. All questions are compulsory.
  2. Draw neat tables/diagrams wherever necessary.
  3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
  4. Write answers to all main questions on new pages.

[1]1. (A) (i)

Complete the correlation:

Micro economics : Slicing method : : Macro economics : ______.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (A) (ii)

Complete the correlation:

Price rises : ______ : : Price falls : Contraction of supply

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (A) (iii)

Complete the correlation:

Salt : Essential good : : Diamond : ______

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (A) (iv)

Complete the correlation:

______ : Base year price : : P1 : Current year price

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (A) (v)

Complete the correlation:

Money market : Short-term funds : : ______ : Long-term funds.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [9] Money Market and Capital Market in India
[1]1. (B) (i)

Give an economic term:

The capacity of a commodity to satisfy human wants.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (ii)

Give economic term:

A branch of economics which does microscopic study of the economy.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (iii)

Give the economic term:

Cost incurred on fixed factor.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (iv)

Give an economic term:

The cost incurred by the firm to promote sales.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (v)

Give economic term:

A budget in which estimated revenue and expenditure of the government are equal.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (i)

Find the odd word:

Types of utility:

Place utility, Form utility, Time utility, Commodity utility

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (ii)

Find the odd word:

Exceptions to the Law of supply:

Giffen’s goods, Supply of labour, Perishable goods, Rare goods

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (iii)

Find the odd word out:

Selling cost:

Free gifts, Advertisement hoardings, Window displays, Patents

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (iv)

Find the odd word:

Determinants of demand:

Income, Cost of production, Size of population, Price

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (v)

Find the odd word:

Types of Index Numbers:

Selection Index Number, Price Index number, Value Index Number, Quantity Index Number

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
Choose the correct option:
[1]1. (D) (i)

Demand curve is parallel to ‘Y’-axis -

  1. Perfectly inelastic demand
  2. Relatively inelastic demand
  3. Perfectly elastic demand
  4. Unitary elastic demand

c, d

b, d

a, b, c

only a

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
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[1]1. (D) (ii)

Revenue per unit of output sold -

  1. Marginal revenuе
  2. Marginal cost
  3. Average revenue
  4. Total revenue

a, b, c

a, c, d

only c

only b

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (D) (iii)

Statements that are incorrect in relation to index numbers -

  1. Index number is a geographical tool.
  2. Index numbers measure changes in the air pressure.
  3. Index numbers measure relative changes in economic variable.
  4. Index numbers are specialized averages.

c, d

a, b

b, c

a, b, c, d

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (D) (iv)

Obligatory functions of the government -

  1. Provision of employment
  2. Maintaining internal law and order
  3. Welfare measures
  4. Exporting goods and services

c, d

a, b

only b

a, c, d

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (D) (v)

Examples of competitive demand are -

  1. Tea - Coffee
  2. Car - Petrol
  3. Sugar - Jaggery
  4. Pen - Ink

a, b, c

a, c

b, c

a, b, c, d

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
Identify and explain the following concepts (Any THREE):
[2]2. (A) (i)

Identify and explain the following concepts:

Shabana paid wages to workers in her factory.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]2. (A) (ii)

Identify and explain the concept from the given illustration:

India purchased petroleum from Iran.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [10] Foreign Trade of India
[2]2. (A) (iii)

Identify and explain the following concepts:

Gopal collected information about output of rice, wheat, cotton and jowar produced in 2016 and 2020 and derived Index Number.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]2. (A) (iv)

Identify and explain the following concepts:

40% fall in price of a commodity leads to 40% rise in quantity demanded.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]2. (A) (v)

Identify and explain the concept from the given illustration:

Tina deposited a lumpsum amount of ₹ 50,000 in the bank for a period of one year.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [2.05] Commercial Bank [9] Money Market and Capital Market in India
Distinguish between (Any THREE):
[2]2. (B) (i)

Distinguish between the following.

Micro Economics and Macro Economics.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]2. (B) (ii)

Distinguish between expansion in demand and increase in demand.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [1.03] Analysis of Demand and Elasticity of Demand [3.1] Demand Analysis
[2]2. (B) (iii)

Distinguish between Average Revenue and Average Cost.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]2. (B) (iv)

Distinguish between:

Simple Index Numbers and Weighted Index Numbers.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]2. (B) (v)

Distinguish between:

Direct tax and Indirect taх.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
Answer the following (Any THREE):
[4]3. (i)

Explain any four features of utility.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]3. (ii)

Explain the Ratio method of measuring price elasticity of demand.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
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[4]3. (iii)

Explain any four non-tax sources of public revenue.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [8] Public Finance in India
[2]3. (iv) a

Explain the following term/concept:

Foreign Trade.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]3. (iv) b

Explain the types of foreign trade.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [10] Foreign Trade of India
[4]3. (v)

Calculate Price Index Number from the given data:

Commodity A B C D
Price in 2015 (₹) 6 16 24 4
Price in 2020 (₹) 8 18 28 6
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements (Any THREE):
[4]4. (i)

State with reason whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Perfect Competition means Monopolistic Competition.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]4. (ii)

State with reason whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Scope of micro economics includes only the theory of product pricing.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]4. (iii)

State with reason whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:

There are many features of National Income.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]4. (iv)

State with reason whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Public expenditure includes only revenue expenditure.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]4. (v)

State with reason whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:

The concept of total utility and marginal utility is the same.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
Study the following table, figure, passage and answer the questions given below it (Any TWO):
[4]5. (i)

Observe the following table and answer the questions given below it:

Price in ₹ Qty. supplied in units
10 200
15 ______
20 300
25 350
30 ______
35 ______
40 ______
  1. Complete the above supply schedule.
  2. Draw a diagram for the above supply schedule.
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]5. (ii) (1)

Observe the following figure and answer the questions given lowing below it:

Identify and explain the degree of elasticity of demand in the figure.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]5. (ii) (2)

Observe the following figure and answer the questions given lowing below it:

Identify and explain the degree of elasticity of demand in the figure.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]5. (iii)

Study the following passage and answer the questions given below it:

Digital marketing is also called online marketing. We can connect with probable customers by using internet and other digital communication media. This includes not only email, social media, and web-based advertising but also text and multimedia messages as a marketing channel. In practice, digital marketing typically refers to marketing campaigns that appear on a computer, phone, tablet or other devices. It can take many forms, including online video, display advertisement, search engine marketing, paid social advertisement and social media post. Digital marketing is often compared to traditional marketing such as magazine advertisement, direct mail, etc.

In America, nearly three quarters of Americans go online on a daily basis. Not only that, 43% go online more than once a day and 26% are online almost constantly so they find it more convenient to use digital marketing. A digital marketing strategy allows you, to get advantage of different digital channels such as social media, pay-per-click, search engine, e-mail marketing etc., to connect with existing customers and individuals interested in your product or service. As a result one can build a brand, which provides a great customer experience.

Questions:

  1. What is Digital marketing?     (1)
  2. What percentage of Americans are online more than once?     (1)
  3. Write your opinion from the above passage.     (2)
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Chapter:
Answer the following questions in detail (Any TWO):
[8]6. (i)

State and explain the ‘law of demand’ with its exceptions.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [1.03] Analysis of Demand and Elasticity of Demand [3.1] Demand Analysis
[8]6. (ii)

Write any four practical difficulties in national income estimation.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [7] National Income
[8]6. (iii)

Explain the functions of RBI.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [9] Money Market and Capital Market in India [9] Money Market and Capital Market in India

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