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Question
Write answer as directed.
Give any four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it. Write name and structural formula of one example each.
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Solution
Four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it are as follows:
1. Alcohols: The functional group, which is present in alcohol, is -OH. The IUPAC group suffix of alcohol is –ol.
Example: Ethanol
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{...}|\\
\phantom{..}\ce{H-C-C-OH}\\
|\phantom{...}|\\
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{H}
\end{array}\]
2. Aldehydes: The functional group, which is present in an aldehyde, is -CHO. The IUPAC group suffix of an aldehyde is –al.
Example: Acetaldehyde
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{...}|\phantom{}\\
\ce{H-C-C=O}\\
|\phantom{....}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{....}
\end{array}\]
3. Carboxylic acid: The functional group present in a carboxylic acid is -COOH. The IUPAC group suffix of a carboxylic acid is –oic acid.
Example: Acetic acid
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{O}\phantom{..}\\
|\phantom{...}||\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H-C-C-OH}\\
|\phantom{......}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{......}
\end{array}\]
4. Ketones
Examples:- Acetone
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{O}\phantom{..}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{...}||\phantom{...}|\\
\ce{H-C-C-C-H}\\
|\phantom{.......}|\\
\ce{H}\phantom{......}\ce{H}
\end{array}\]
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