Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Given that `barx` is the mean and σ2 is the variance of n observations x1, x2, …,xn. Prove that the mean and variance of the observations ax1, ax2, ax3, …,axn are `abarx` and a2 σ2, respectively (a ≠ 0).
Advertisements
Solution
Here `barx` = `(x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + ... + x_n)/n = (sumx)/n`
Also, `(x_1^2 + x_2^2 + x_3^2 + ... + x_n^2)/n = (sumx^2)/n`
New mean = `(ax_1 + ax_2 + ax_3 + ... + ax_n)/n`
= `a((x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + ... + x_n))/n = abarx`
Also,
σ2 = `(n(x_1^2 + x_2^2 + ... + x_n^2) - (x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n)^2)/n^2`
∴ New variance
`(n(a^2x_1^2 + a^2x_2^2 + a^2x_3^2 + ... + a^2x_n^2) - (ax_1 + ax_2 + ax_3 + ... + ax_n)^2)/n^2`
= `a^2 [[n(x_1^2 + x_2^2 + x_3^2 + ... + x_n^2) - (x_1 + x_2 + + x_3 ... + x_n)^2)/n^2]`
= a2σ2
Hence proved.
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Find the mean and variance for the data.
6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12
Find the mean and variance for the data.
| xi | 92 | 93 | 97 | 98 | 102 | 104 | 109 |
| fi | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
The diameters of circles (in mm) drawn in a design are given below:
| Diameters | 33 - 36 | 37 - 40 | 41 - 44 | 45 - 48 | 49 - 52 |
| No. of circles | 15 | 17 | 21 | 22 | 25 |
Calculate the standard deviation and mean diameter of the circles.
[Hint: First make the data continuous by making the classes as 32.5 - 36.5, 36.5 - 40.5, 40.5 - 44.5, 44.5 - 48.5, 48.5 - 52.5 and then proceed.]
The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 and 16, respectively. If five of the observations are 2, 4, 10, 12 and 14. Find the remaining two observations.
The mean and standard deviation of six observations are 8 and 4, respectively. If each observation is multiplied by 3, find the new mean and new standard deviation of the resulting observations
Find the mean, variance and standard deviation for the data:
227, 235, 255, 269, 292, 299, 312, 321, 333, 348.
Find the mean, variance and standard deviation for the data 15, 22, 27, 11, 9, 21, 14, 9.
The variance of 15 observations is 4. If each observation is increased by 9, find the variance of the resulting observations.
For a group of 200 candidates, the mean and standard deviations of scores were found to be 40 and 15 respectively. Later on it was discovered that the scores of 43 and 35 were misread as 34 and 53 respectively. Find the correct mean and standard deviation.
The mean and standard deviation of 20 observations are found to be 10 and 2 respectively. On rechecking it was found that an observation 8 was incorrect. Calculate the correct mean and standard deviation in each of the following cases:
(i) If wrong item is omitted
(ii) if it is replaced by 12.
Show that the two formulae for the standard deviation of ungrouped data
\[\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n} \sum \left( x_i - X \right)^2_{}}\] and
\[\sigma' = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n} \sum x_i^2 - X^2_{}}\] are equivalent, where \[X = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{} x_i\]
Find the standard deviation for the following distribution:
| x : | 4.5 | 14.5 | 24.5 | 34.5 | 44.5 | 54.5 | 64.5 |
| f : | 1 | 5 | 12 | 22 | 17 | 9 | 4 |
Calculate the A.M. and S.D. for the following distribution:
| Class: | 0-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-60 | 60-70 | 70-80 |
| Frequency: | 18 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
The weight of coffee in 70 jars is shown in the following table:
| Weight (in grams): | 200–201 | 201–202 | 202–203 | 203–204 | 204–205 | 205–206 |
| Frequency: | 13 | 27 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
Determine the variance and standard deviation of the above distribution.
Mean and standard deviation of 100 observations were found to be 40 and 10 respectively. If at the time of calculation two observations were wrongly taken as 30 and 70 in place of 3 and 27 respectively, find the correct standard deviation.
Two plants A and B of a factory show following results about the number of workers and the wages paid to them
| Plant A | Plant B | |
| No. of workers | 5000 | 6000 |
| Average monthly wages | Rs 2500 | Rs 2500 |
| Variance of distribution of wages | 81 | 100 |
In which plant A or B is there greater variability in individual wages?
The mean and standard deviation of marks obtained by 50 students of a class in three subjects, mathematics, physics and chemistry are given below:
| Subject | Mathematics | Physics | Chemistry |
| Mean | 42 | 32 | 40.9 |
| Standard Deviation | 12 | 15 | 20 |
Which of the three subjects shows the highest variability in marks and which shows the lowest?
From the data given below state which group is more variable, G1 or G2?
| Marks | 10-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-60 | 60-70 | 70-80 |
| Group G1 | 9 | 17 | 32 | 33 | 40 | 10 | 9 |
| Group G2 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 25 | 43 | 15 | 7 |
Find the coefficient of variation for the following data:
| Size (in cms): | 10-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 25-30 | 30-35 | 35-40 |
| No. of items: | 2 | 8 | 20 | 35 | 20 | 15 |
If the sum of the squares of deviations for 10 observations taken from their mean is 2.5, then write the value of standard deviation.
If X and Y are two variates connected by the relation
If each observation of a raw data whose standard deviation is σ is multiplied by a, then write the S.D. of the new set of observations.
If the standard deviation of a variable X is σ, then the standard deviation of variable \[\frac{a X + b}{c}\] is
If the S.D. of a set of observations is 8 and if each observation is divided by −2, the S.D. of the new set of observations will be
The standard deviation of first 10 natural numbers is
The standard deviation of the observations 6, 5, 9, 13, 12, 8, 10 is
A set of n values x1, x2, ..., xn has standard deviation 6. The standard deviation of n values x1 + k, x2 + k, ..., xn + k will be ______.
Find the standard deviation of the first n natural numbers.
Mean and standard deviation of 100 observations were found to be 40 and 10, respectively. If at the time of calculation two observations were wrongly taken as 30 and 70 in place of 3 and 27 respectively, find the correct standard deviation.
The standard deviation of the data 6, 5, 9, 13, 12, 8, 10 is ______.
Coefficient of variation of two distributions are 50 and 60, and their arithmetic means are 30 and 25 respectively. Difference of their standard deviation is ______.
