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Question
Explain the following term with example.
Reduction
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Solution
A chemical reaction in which a substance gains hydrogen or loses oxygen is called a reduction reaction.
E.g. In the following reaction, ethylene (ethene) is reduced to ethane.
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Ethylene}}{H2C = CH2} ->[H2][Pt/Ni] \underset{\text{Ethane}}{CH3CH3}}\]
RELATED QUESTIONS
While studying saponification reaction, a student measures the temperature of the reaction mixture and also finds its nature using blue/red litmus paper. On the basis of his observations the correct conclusion would be
(A) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction mixture is acidic.
(B) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction mixture is acidic.
(C) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction mixture is basic.
(D) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction mixture is basic.
For preparing soap in the laboratory we require an oil and a base. Which of the following combinations of an oil and a base would be best suited for the preparation of soap?
(a) Castor oil and calcium hydroxide
(b) Turpentine oil and sodium hydroxide
(c) Castor oil and sodium hydroxide
(d) Mustard oil and calcium hydroxide
List two uses of esters.
Name the following:
The distinctive reaction that takes place when ethanol is treated with acetic acid.
Name the functional group present in an organic compound which gives brisk effervescence with NaHCO3.
Complete the following equation:
`CH_3 COOH + CH_2 H_5 OH` 
How is ethanoic acid obtained from ethanol? Write down the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
When ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate, then a salt X is formed and a gas Y is evolved. Name the salt X and gas. Y Describe an activity with the help of a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to prove that the evolved gas is the one which you have named. Also write the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
On adding 2 mL acetic acid to 2 mL of water in a test tube, it was observed that
(A) a clear and transparent solution is formed
(B) a white precipitate is formed almost immediately
(C) two separate layers were formed
(D) a colourless and odourless gas is evolved
What is thr boilng point of acetic acid?
Name the first four members of alphatic carboxylic acid.
Fill in the blank with appropriate word/words.
Vinegar is a solution of about ________per cent ________in water.
Why is pure acetic acid also known as glacial acetic acid?
State how the following conversions can be carried out:
Ethyl chloride to Ethyl alcohol
A compound X when treated with an organic acid Y (having vinegar-like smell) in the presence of the acid Z, forms a compound P which has a fruity smell.
- Identify X, Y and Z
- Write the structural formula of X and Y.
- What type of compound is P?
- Name the above reaction.
- If compounds X and Y both have 2 carbon atoms. Write the reaction.
Assertion (A): Esterification is a process in which a sweet-smelling substance is produced.
Reason (R): When esters react with sodium hydroxide an alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid are obtained.
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Ethanoic acid
Raina while doing certain reactions observed that heating of substance ‘X’ with a vinegar-like smell with a substance ‘Y’ (which is used as an industrial solvent.) in the presence of conc. Sulphuric acid in a water bath gives a sweet-smelling liquid ‘Z’ having molecular formula C4H8O2. When heated with caustic soda (NaOH), ‘Z’ gives back the sodium salt and the compound ‘Y’.
Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’, and ‘Z’. Illustrate the changes with the help of suitable chemical equations.
Give the balanced chemical equation of the following reaction:
Neutralization of NaOH with ethanoic acid.
Name the oxidising agent used in the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid.
