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Question
Distinguish between Homolysis and heterolysis.
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Solution
| No. | Homolysis (Homolytic fission) | Heterolysis (Heterolytic fission) |
| 1. | The symmetrical breaking of a covalent bond in which each departing atom takes one electron from the bonding pair is called as homolytic fission. | The unsymmetrical breaking of a covalent bond in which one of the departing atoms retains the bonding pair is called heterolytic fission. |
| 2. | In this type of fission, the formation of free radicals (uncharged species) bearing unpaired electrons takes place. | In this type of fission, the formation of charged species called ions, like carbocation or carbonium ion takes place. |
| 3. |
The covalent bond between two atoms of the same element or two atoms having nearly the same electronegativity breaks in this manner.
|
The covalent bond between two atoms of the different elements or two atoms having different electronegativity values breaks in this manner.
|
| 4. | This takes place favourably in a nonpolar solvent. | This takes place favourably in a polar solvent. |
| 5. | Generally, reaction takes place at high temperature or in presence of UV light or peroxides. | Heterolysis takes place in solutions (polar condition). |
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