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प्रश्न
Write a short note.
Functional groups in carbon compounds
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उत्तर
- Many more types of carbon compounds are formed by formation of bonds of carbon with other elements such as halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur.
- The atoms of these elements (hetero atoms) substitute one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain and thereby the tetravalency of carbon is satisfied.
- The compound acquire specific chemical properties due to these heteroatoms or the groups of atoms that contain heteroatoms, irrespective of the length and nature of the carbon chain in that compound.
- Therefore, these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms containing hetero atoms are called functional groups.
E.g. In CH3 – OH, –OH (alcohol) is the functional group-containing heteroatom ‘oxygen’.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Write answer as directed.
Give any four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it. Write name and structural formula of one example each.
Find the odd one out and give its explanation.
Find the odd one out and give its explanation.
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Ethyl alcohol
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Propene
Benzene is a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon.
In LPG, butane is a flammable component.
Write scientific reason.
Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Explain the Catenation power.
Distinguish between:
Saturated hydrocarbons - Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Distinguish between:
Alkane - Alkene
Match the following.
| Functional group –OH | - | Benzene |
| Heterocyclic | - | Potassium stearate |
| Unsaturated | - | Alcohol |
| Soap | - | Furan |
| Carbocyclic | - | Ethene |
Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the
Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?
Consider the following organic compounds:
| (i) \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\ |\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\ \ce{H - C - C - C = O}\\ |\phantom{....}|\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{.....} \end{array}\] |
(ii) \[\begin{array}{cc} \phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\\ \phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}\\ \ce{H - C - C = O}\\|\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{H}\phantom{.....}\end{array}\] |
- Name the functional group present in these compounds.
- Write the general formula for the compounds of this functional group.
- State the relationship between these compounds and draw the structure of any other compound having a similar functional group.
Identify heteroatom (s) in the following compound.
\[\ce{CH3CH2Cl}\]
Write the IUPAC name of the following:
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.......}\\
|\phantom{.......}|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{CH2 - CH - CH2}\\
\phantom{...........}|\\
\phantom{......................}\ce{CH2}\ce{CH2}\ce{CH3}
\end{array}\]
