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प्रश्न
Explain the concept of heteroatoms with the help of examples.
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उत्तर
- Many carbon compounds are formed in which atoms of elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, halogens, etc., substitute one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.
- The atom of an element other than carbon and hydrogen which replaces one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain is called a heteroatom.
- The compound acquires specific chemical properties due to these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms that contain heteroatoms, irrespective of the length and nature of the carbon chain in that compound. Therefore, these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms containing hetero atoms are called functional groups.
- E.g. In CH3OH, the functional group contains hetero atom ‘O’.
In CH3CH2Cl, the functional group contains hetero atom ‘Cl’.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Give names of three functional groups containing three different hetero atoms. Write name and structural formula of one example each.
Find the odd one out and give its explanation.
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Acetone
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Isobutane
Match the columns.
| Group A | Group B |
| 1. Straight chain hydrocarbon | a) Benzene |
| 2. Branched chain hydrocarbon | b) Propyne |
| 3. Cyclic hydrocarbon | c) Isobutylene |
Benzene is a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Write scientific reason.
Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Explain the Catenation power.
Distinguish between:
Saturated hydrocarbons - Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Distinguish between:
Open chain hydrocarbons - Closed chain hydrocarbons
Distinguish between:
Alkane - Alkene
Write a short note.
Catenation power
An atom or a group of atoms that is responsible for the chemical characteristics of an organic compound is called ______.
Which of these is true for most of the organic compounds?
Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the
Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?
Consider the following organic compounds:
| (i) \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\ |\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\ \ce{H - C - C - C = O}\\ |\phantom{....}|\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{.....} \end{array}\] |
(ii) \[\begin{array}{cc} \phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\\ \phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}\\ \ce{H - C - C = O}\\|\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{H}\phantom{.....}\end{array}\] |
- Name the functional group present in these compounds.
- Write the general formula for the compounds of this functional group.
- State the relationship between these compounds and draw the structure of any other compound having a similar functional group.
One variety of household fuel is a mixture of propane (60%) and butane (40%). If 20 litres of this mixture is burnt, find the total volume of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere. The combination reactions can be represented as:
\[\ce{C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O}\]
\[\ce{2C4H10 +13O2 -> 8CO2 + 10H2O}\]
