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प्रश्न
Explain the concept of heteroatoms with the help of examples.
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उत्तर
- Many carbon compounds are formed in which atoms of elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, halogens, etc., substitute one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.
- The atom of an element other than carbon and hydrogen which replaces one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain is called a heteroatom.
- The compound acquires specific chemical properties due to these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms that contain heteroatoms, irrespective of the length and nature of the carbon chain in that compound. Therefore, these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms containing hetero atoms are called functional groups.
- E.g. In CH3OH, the functional group contains hetero atom ‘O’.
In CH3CH2Cl, the functional group contains hetero atom ‘Cl’.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Write answer as directed.
Give any four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it. Write name and structural formula of one example each.
Give names of three functional groups containing three different hetero atoms. Write name and structural formula of one example each.
Define Hydrocarbons.
Find the odd one out and give its explanation.
Find the odd one out and give its explanation.
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Acetone
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Propene
Benzene is a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Explain the Catenation power.
Distinguish between:
Open chain hydrocarbons - Closed chain hydrocarbons
Complete the given chart with writing the correct functional group of carbon compounds.
(Ester, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic acid, Alcohol, Ether)
| -O-H | |
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\phantom{..}\\ ||\phantom{..}\\ \ce{-C-H} \end{array}\] |
|
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\\ ||\\ \ce{-C-} \end{array}\] |
|
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\phantom{.....}\\ ||\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{-C-O-H} \end{array}\] |
|
| -O- | |
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\phantom{..}\\ ||\phantom{..}\\ \ce{-C-O} \end{array}\] |
|
|
\[\begin{array}{cc} |
An atom or a group of atoms that is responsible for the chemical characteristics of an organic compound is called ______.
Match the following.
| Functional group –OH | - | Benzene |
| Heterocyclic | - | Potassium stearate |
| Unsaturated | - | Alcohol |
| Soap | - | Furan |
| Carbocyclic | - | Ethene |
Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the
Identify heteroatom (s) in the following compound.
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3CH2 - C - CH3}\\\
\phantom{....}||\
\ce\\\phantom{....}{O}\end{array}\]
Identify heteroatom (s) in the following compound.
\[\ce{CH3CH2Cl}\]
______ is the functional group of carboxylic acid.
