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प्रश्न
Write a short note.
Functional groups in carbon compounds
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उत्तर
- Many more types of carbon compounds are formed by formation of bonds of carbon with other elements such as halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur.
- The atoms of these elements (hetero atoms) substitute one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain and thereby the tetravalency of carbon is satisfied.
- The compound acquire specific chemical properties due to these heteroatoms or the groups of atoms that contain heteroatoms, irrespective of the length and nature of the carbon chain in that compound.
- Therefore, these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms containing hetero atoms are called functional groups.
E.g. In CH3 – OH, –OH (alcohol) is the functional group-containing heteroatom ‘oxygen’.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain the following term with an example.
Functional group
Find the odd one out and give its explanation.
Find the odd one out and give its explanation.
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Ethyl ethanoate
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Propene
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Isobutane
Carbon compounds contain only open chains of carbon atoms.
Benzene is a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon.
In LPG, butane is a flammable component.
Distinguish between:
Saturated hydrocarbons - Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Distinguish between:
Open chain hydrocarbons - Closed chain hydrocarbons
An atom or a group of atoms that is responsible for the chemical characteristics of an organic compound is called ______.
Consider the following organic compounds:
| (i) \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\ |\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\ \ce{H - C - C - C = O}\\ |\phantom{....}|\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{.....} \end{array}\] |
(ii) \[\begin{array}{cc} \phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\\ \phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}\\ \ce{H - C - C = O}\\|\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{H}\phantom{.....}\end{array}\] |
- Name the functional group present in these compounds.
- Write the general formula for the compounds of this functional group.
- State the relationship between these compounds and draw the structure of any other compound having a similar functional group.
Identify heteroatom (s) in the following compound.
\[\ce{CH3CH2Cl}\]
______ is the functional group of carboxylic acid.
One variety of household fuel is a mixture of propane (60%) and butane (40%). If 20 litres of this mixture is burnt, find the total volume of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere. The combination reactions can be represented as:
\[\ce{C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O}\]
\[\ce{2C4H10 +13O2 -> 8CO2 + 10H2O}\]
