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प्रश्न
Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function f : A → B defined by f(x) = `((x - 2)/(x - 3))`. Is f one-one and onto? Justify your answer.
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उत्तर
A = R – {3}, B = R – {1}
f : A → B is defined as f(x) = `((x - 2)/(x - 3))`
Let x, y ∈ A such that f(x) = f(y)
⇒ `(x - 2)/(x - 3) = (y - 2)/(y - 3)`
⇒ (x – 2) (y – 3) = (y – 2) (x – 3)
⇒ xy – 3x – 2y + 6 = xy – 3y – 2x + 6
⇒ –3x – 2y = –3y – 2x
⇒ 3x – 2x = 3y – 2y
⇒ x = y
∴ f is one-one.
Let y ∈ B = R – {1}. Then, y ≠ 1.
The function f is onto if there exists x ∈ A such that f(x) = y.
Now, f(x) = y
⇒ `(x - 2)/(x - 3) = y`
⇒ x – 2 = xy – 3y
⇒ x(1 – y) = –3y + 2
⇒ `x = (2 - 3y)/(1- y) ∈ A` ...[y ≠ 1]
Thus, for any y ∈ B, there exists `(2 - 3y)/(1 - y) ∈ A` such that:
`f(2 - 3y)/(1 - y) = (((2 - 3y)/(1 - y)) - 2)/(((2 - 3y)/(1 - y)) - 3)`
= `(2 - 3y - 2 + 2y)/(2 - 3y - 3 + 3y)`
= `(-y)/(-1)`
= y
∴ f is onto.
Hence, function f is one-one and onto.
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