- Factor cost: Value of output including only factor payments (wages, rent, interest, profit), excluding all indirect taxes and subsidies.
- Basic prices: Factor cost plus net production taxes, but excluding net product taxes.
- Market prices (GDP): Basic prices plus net product taxes; this is the value buyers pay in the market.
Topics
Introduction
- A Simple Economy
- Central Problems of an Economy
- Concepts of Production Possibility Frontier
- Organisation of Economic Activities
- Positive and Normative Economics
- Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
Introductory Macroeconomics
Introduction
- How Macroeconomics Differs from Microeconomics
- Representative Goods and Sectors
- Macroeconomic Agents and Government Role
- Emergence of Macroeconomics
- Context of the Present Book of Macroeconomics
Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
- Introduction to Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
- Low Level of Economic Development Under the Colonial Rule
- Agricultural Sector in India
- Industrial Sector
- Foreign Trade of India
- Demographic Condition
- Occupational Structure
- Infrastructure
National Income Accounting
- Meaning of Economic Wealth and Final Goods
- Stocks, Flows, and Depreciation
- Capital Formation, Trade-off & Circular Flow of Income
- Circular Flow of Income and Methods of Calculating National Income
- Output Method/Product Method
- Expenditure Method
- Income Method
- Factor Cost, Basic Prices and Market Prices
- Some Macroeconomic Identities
- National Disposable Income
- Private Income
- National Income Aggregates
- Real GDP and Nominal GDP
- GDP and Welfare
Indian Economy 1950-1990
Indian Economic Development
Theory of Consumer Behaviour
- Consumer Behaviour: The Problem of Choice
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Utility
- Cardinal Approach (Utility Analysis)
- Derivation of Demand Curve in the Case of a Single Commodity
- Ordinal Utility Analysis/Indifference Curve Analysis
Production and Costs
- Production Function
- Basics of Production Theory
- Variation of Output in the Short-Run Returns to a Factor
- Relation Between Total, Average and Marginal Product
- Law of Variable Proportions
- Average and Marginal Physical Products
- Changes in Production
- Cost - Fixed Cost
- Cost -variable Cost
- Behaviour of Cost in the Short - Run
- Relationship Between Average Variable Cost and Average Total Cost and Marginal Cost
- Concept of Opportunity Cost
- Marginal Revenue
- Producer's Equilibrium
- Law of Supply
- Market Supply Schedule
- Distinguish between Stock and Supply
- Determinants of Supply
- Movements Along and Shifts in Supply Curve
- Measurement of Elasticity of Supply
- Methods of Measurement of National Income
- Cost Concepts > Marginal Cost
- The Law of Diminishing Marginal Product
- Shapes of Product Curves
- Costs in Long Run Period
- Returns to Scale
Money and Banking
- Concept of Money
- Functions of Money
- Demand for Money and Supply of Money
- Money Creation by Banking System
- Limits to Credit Creation and Money Multiplier
- Policy Tools To Control Money Supply
- Demand and Supply for Money : A Detailed Discussion
- The Transaction Motive
- The Speculative Motive
- Various Measures of Supply of Money
- Legal Definitions: Narrow and Broad Money
- Demonetisation
Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation : An Appraisal
Introductory Microeconomics
Determination of Income and Employment
- Aggregate Demand and Its Components
- Consumption
- Consumption and Saving Propensities
- Investment
- Determination of Income in Two-sector Model
- Determination of Equilibrium Income in the Short Run
- Macroeconomic Equilibrium with Price Level Fixed
- Effect of an Autonomous Change in Aggregate Demand on Income and Output
- The Multiplier Mechanism
- Paradox of Thrift
- Equilibrium Output and Employment
The Theory of the Firm Under Perfect Competition
- Concept of Market
- Market Equilibrium
- Determination of Market Equilibrium
- Effect of Simultaneous change in Demand and Supply on Equilibrium Price
- Perfect Competition
- Imperfect Competition
- Classification of Market Structure
- Oligopoly
- Market Forms - Perfect Oligopoly
- Market Forms - Imperfect Oligopoly
- Equilibrium Price
- Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply Price Control
- Price Ceiling
- Price Floor
- Revenue Concepts
- Profit Maximisation Objective
- Determinants of a Firm’s Supply Curve
- Market Supply Schedule
- Price Elasticity of Supply
Human Capital Formation in India
Market Equilibrium
- Simple Monopoly in the Commodity Market
- Other Non - Perfectly Competitive Markets
Government Budget and the Economy
Rural Development
Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues
- The Nature and Importance of Work in Society
- Workers and Employment
- Participation of People in Employment
- Self-employed and Hired Workers
- Employment in Firms, Factories and Offices
- Growth and Changing Structure of Employment
- Informalisation of Indian Workforce
- Concept of Unemployment
- Government and Employment Generation
Open Economy Macroeconomics
- Open Economy and Its Linkages
- Concept of Balance of Payments
- Current Account
- Capital Account
- Balance of Payments Surplus and Deficit
- Foreign Exchange Market
- Foreign Exchange Rate
- Determination of the Exchange Rate
- Merits and Demerits of Flexible and Fixed Exchange Rate Systems
- Managed Floating Exchange Rate System
Environment and Sustainable Development
Comparative Development Experiences of India and Its Neighbours
- Comparative Development Strategies: India, China, and Pakistan
- Developmental Path - a Snapshot View
- Demographic Indicators
- Gross Domestic Product and Sectors
- Indicators of Human Development
- Development Strategies - an Appraisal
CBSE: Class 12
Key Point: Factor Cost, Basic Prices and Market Prices
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [5]
Study the following information and compare the Economies of India and Singapore on the grounds of ‘Investment in infrastructure as a percentage of GDP’
| Some Infrastructure in India and other Countries, 2018 | |||||
| Country | Investment* in Infrastructure as a % GDP | Percentage of people using safely managed | Mobile Subscribers/100 People | Consumption of energy (mL tonnes of oil equivalent) | |
| Drinking Water Sources | Sanitation Services | ||||
| China | 44 | 96 | 72 | 115 | 3274 |
| Hong Kong | 22 | 100 | 92 | 259 | 31 |
| India | 30 | 94 | 40 | 87 | 809 |
| South Korea | 31 | 98 | 100 | 130 | 301 |
| Pakistan | 16 | 35 | 64 | 73 | 85 |
| Singapore | 28 | 100 | 100 | 146 | 88 |
| Indonesia | 34 | 87 | 61 | 120 | 186 |
Sources: World Development Indicators 2019, World Bank website: www.worldbank.org.; BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019. 69th Edition.
Note: (*) refers to Gross Capital Formation.
