P S Verma and V K Agarwal solutions for Biology Part 3 [English] Class 9 chapter 3 - Improvements In Food Resources [Latest edition]

Sow seeds of wheat, paddy, vegetables in different pots with and without manuring and fertilizer application. Record observations given below and note on each crop with special emphasis on the following aspects:

1. Percentage of seed germination
2. Flowering and maturity time

Visit a weed infested field in the month of July or August and make a list of weeds, insect pests and diseases noticed in crops of the field.

Make herbarium of cereals, pulses and oilseeds and mention their seasons of sowing and harvesting.

Visit a livestock (e.g., Dairy) farm. Note the following:

1. Number of cattle
2. Types of different breeds and their number.
3. Production of milk on daily basis from different breeds.

Give your comments whether improvement of cattle breed is required or not.

Visit a local poultry farm. Observe types of the breeds and make a note on the type of ration, housing, lighting facilities and incubator facilities given to them. Identify the growers, layers and broilers. Find if the management of the poultry farm is proper and adequate.

During educational tour of your school visit a fish farm in breeding season of fishes (e.g., monsoon for Indian carps) and note the following:

1. Varieties of fish in the ponds.
2. Types and number of each type of ponds.
3. Ingredients in supplementary feed being used in the farm.
4. What is the annual production of the fish farm?
5. From where fish seeds brought to the farm for stocking.
6. Observe male and female ripe breeders of catla, rohu and mrigal. Try to identify male fish from female fish.
7. Visit a fish hatchery farm to learn about methods of induced breeding.

Based on the observations, explain what are the problems being faced by the fish farmers.

Puccinia causes ______ disease in wheat.

Blast is a ______ disease of paddy.

Chemicals used to kill weeds are called ______.

Pesticides are ______ chemicals.

______ are plants that grow in places where they are not wanted.

______ ______ is a method of control of pest or weed in which one living organism is used to control another living organisms.

Organic materials which are added to soil of crop field to improve its physical conditions are called ______.

The aphid is a pest of ______ plants.

______ and ______ climate is more congenial for infestation of weeds, insect-pests and diseases.

Growing two or more crops but in the definite row pattern is known as ______.

The practice of growing of two crops simultaneously on the same piece of land is called ______.

Long white eggs are produced by ______.

______ is a carp.

Aseel is a popular breed of ______.

Kasturi the variety of ______.

Ganga 5 is the variety of ______.

Vikas is the variety of ______.

Organic farming is a method of farming wherein ______ chemical is not used in any form.

Food grown on organic farming principles is called ______ food.

Japan is known to have highest ______ load on their crop.

In organic farming diseases are controlled by ______ and ______ methods.

India has ______ major river basins and ______ composite river basins that form the surface water.

The process of supplying ______ to crops in the fields by means of canals, reservoirs, wells, river valley systems and river lift systems is known as ______.

Open wells are not very ______.

______ wells are very deep.

Organic manures include ______ manure, compost, ______ manure and vermicompost.

Vermicompost is a type of soil made by ______ and microorganisms.

Mixed cropping is done to reduce the ______ between component crops for ______, nutrients and water.

______ involves breeding among unrelated animals.

______ is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans.

Single Matching. Match the articles given in column I and column II.

Double Matching. Match the columns I, II and III.

What is the Green Revolution?

Mention the crop whose production has increased by blue revolution and yellow revolution.

Give two examples of rabi crop.

What are plant nutrients?

Name the three most important mineral elements required for plant growth.

Name any two micronutrients, required by plants.

Name any two macronutrients required by plants.

What name has been given to the elements required by plants in smaller amount.

What name has been given to the elements required by plants in larger amount.

State whether iron is a micronutrient with respect to plants.

What is manure?

Why are manures used in bulk to increase soil fertility?

Name two potassic fertilizers.

Name the nitrogenous fertilizers.

Why even excessive application of manure does not cause pollution?

Name one inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer.

Which one is nutrient specific, fertilizer or manure?

What will happen, when we use sodium nitrate excessively in the soil?

Define Green manure

Give one example of green manure.

Give one disadvantage of fertilizers.

Name the substance which has been traditionally used as manure in our country.

Define irrigation.

Name one crop which can tolerate water logging in the fields and one which cannot.

At what time is irrigation required by all crops?

What is water logging?

Name two factors on which irrigation requirements of crop depends.

What happens when a matured wheat crop is irrigated?

Mention two functions of multipurpose dams.

What percent of cropped area of India is still unirrigated?

Give one example of mixed cropping.

Mention one criterion for selection of mixed crops.

Mention one advantage of mixed cropping.

Define intercropping.

What are the advantages of inter-cropping?

A farmer grows gram crop between two cereal crops. What agricultural practice is being followed?

Define crop rotation.

Name the bacteria found in root nodules of leguminous plants.

What are the advantages of crop rotation?

Give one example of two year crop rotation.

Define Selection'.

Name the oldest method of crop improvement.

Name the improved variety of the following crop:

Pigeon pea

Name the improved variety of the following crop:

Wheat

In which form the new crops are introduced?

What is plant breeding?

What is a pest?

Define Pesticides

Give one word for the following:

A toxic substance effective against insects.

Name one insecticide.

Name the crop plant which is affected by red rot.

Name the common disease of wheat plant.

Give example of an insect pest of rice.

Name the following:

Seed borne disease

Name the following:

Air borne disease.

Name one common disease of paddy.

Give an example of biological weed control.

Give one example of natural insecticide.

Define the weed.

What percent of food grains produced in our country is lost every year?

Mention two factors which affect food grains.

Write down two harmful effects of biotic factors on food grains.

What percent of moisture should be present in the food grains at the time of storage?

Give one example of a solid fumigant.

Give one example of a liquid fumigant.

How the food grains should be dried on commercial basis?

Name two natural pesticides.

What is feed?

Name one leguminous green fodder.

Name one non-green dry fodder.

Give two examples of concentrates.

How are oil cakes are formed?

Name two main groups of cattle feed.

Name one high-yielding breed of cow respectively.

Name one high-yielding breed of buffalo respectively.

Name two indigenous breeds of draught cows.

Name two breeds of buffaloes.

What is the lactation period of Holstein-Friesian?

What is the yield of milk from Murrah buffalo?

How is the following breed developed?

Karan Swiss

How is the following breed developed?

Frieswal

What is the fat content in milk of Murrah?

What is the fat content in milk of Surti?

Write the full form of NDRI.

Name one Indian breed of cow.

Name one Indian breed of buffalo.

Mention any two exotic breeds of cow.

Give name of one improved crossbreed cows.

Who performed first experiment in artificial insemination?

Give one advantage of artificial insemination.

How many cows can be impregnated from a semen of single bull?

Who is regarded as 'Father of white Revolution?

Name two viral diseases of the cattle.

What are the symptoms of foot and mouth disease?

Name the diseases of cows against which vaccination is available.

Name the disease of cow in which high fever, excessive salivation and lesions of mouth occur.

Name one cause of non-communicable diseases.

What is the normal body temperature of cow?

What is the normal body temperature of buffalo?

Name two high-yielding varieties of poultry.

Name two indigenous breeds of hen of India.

Name two exotic breeds of hen which have been successfully acclimatised in India.

Name the most efficient converter of low fibre food stuff into highly nutritious animal protein food.

Name the two phases in the life cycle of poultry.

Write down two diseases caused by bacteria in poultry.

Why special care of broiler is taken?

Name one bacterial disease of poultry respectively.

Name one viral disease of poultry respectively.

Name two freshwater fish.

Name two marine fishes of India.

Name two freshwater fish.

Name two marine fishes of India.

Define the following.

Pisciculture

Name two types of fisheries.

Name two other sea food items except fish.

Define inland fisheries.

Define culture fishery.

What is polyculture?

Name the most advantageous fish culture system.

Give the technical term for beekeeping.

Name the three castes in a honey bee colony

Name the species of honey bee, which is used for commercial production of honey.

Name a protozoan disease of honey beе.

Name two products of honey bee, except honey.

What is swarming?

Which is most active member of honey bee colony?

How many eggs are laid by queen bee in a single day?

How is wax moth controlled?

How does honey bee help in cross fertilization?

Distinguish between micronutrients and macronutrients. Give suitable examples.

Classify nutrients according to their sources.

How plants get nutrients ?

Name three most important nutrients required for plant growth.

Choose plant’s micronutrients and macronutrients from the following Iron, Chlorine, Sulphur, Copper, Nitrogen, Calcium, Manganese, Potassium, Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Phosphorus.

 What are advantages of using manure ?

Give two limitations of using manure.

Compare the use of manures and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.

Write down two advantages of fertilizer over manure

During the downpour in a village, the rain water carried away excess of nitrogenous and other compounds present in the soil to a pond. How will they affect the growth of algae and phytoplankton in the pond ?

Explain the term eutrophication with suitable example

How does chemical nature of the soil change due to continued use of chemical fertilizers ?

Explain various methods of fertilizer application

Distinguish between farmyard manure and compost manure.

Define manure.

What are different manures and how do they affect the soil?

What is green manuring?

Give suitable examples for green manures.

What are fertilizers?

Classify fertilizers.

Give a short account of biofertilizers.

Explain why a legume crop does not require nitrogenous fertilizers ?

Why is irrigation essential?

How does excessive irrigation lead to soil salinity ?

Mention three effects of excessive irrigation.

Why water should be used judiciously ?

Explain advantages of irrigation.

Explain, how efficiency of irrigation can be increased.

Explain the various factors which are responsible for the loss of stored food grains.

Explain the various preventive measures which are taken before storing the food grains.

Describe how drying of food grains is done.

Write down three unique characteristics of storage structure.

Describe the various methods of controlling pests attacking stored grains.

As an incharge of a grain store, how will you find out the presence of pests ?

How does fumigation differ from spraying ?

'Milk is a very nutritious food'. Use the table given in the book to justify statement.

Name four animals which provide us food.

Write down the names of animal products which are used as food.

How does roughage differ from concentrates with reference to cattle feed ?

Give an example of average daily feed of a cow.

What are the sources of "concentrates" given in a cattle feed?

Write down four main characteristics of good cattle shelter.

Which method will you suggest for improving the cattle breed and why?

Write short note on:

General utility breeds of cow

Write short note on:

Breeds of buffalo

Mention four steps involved in artificial insemination.

Define artificial insemination.

What are the advantages of artificial insemination?

Write down four symptoms of sick animals.

Write the characteristic symptoms of Mastitis.

Write the characteristic symptoms of Foot-and-mouth-disease.

How are high yielding breeds of poultry advantageous over indigenous breeds?

Mention four advantages of fishery.

Write a short note on 'Prevention of poultry diseases'?

Write advantages of bee keeping.

What are the advantages of composite fish culture?

Write notes on plants and animals as sources of food.

How would you define Green Revolution?

What are the common objectives of crop improvement?

What we do get from cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?

Explain the objectives of mixed cropping. 

How are crops selected for mixed cropping?

Distinguish between mixed cropping and intercropping.

Explain the advantages of mixed cropping.

State any two disadvantages of Mixed Cropping.

Define intercropping.

How does intercropping differ with mixed cropping?

Write down disadvantages of crop rotation.

Write about three main criteria which should be considered while selecting the crops for rotation?

Why are leguminous crops desirable in crop rotation?

Explain various steps in hybridization of crop plants.

Define plant breeding?

Describe the various methods of plant breeding.

Describe the biological method of weed control.

Classify plant diseases depending upon their occurrence and transmission.

Mention three different ways in which insect pests can attack the crop plant.

Explain the methods of controlling insect pests.

Give two examples of narrow leaved rabi season weed.

Give two examples of broad leaved kharif season weed.

Explain various methods of weed control.

Explain various effects of weeds on crop plants.

What are crop's pests?

Suggest preventive measures to control pests.

What is the advantage of using insect resistant varieties?

Distinguish between fertilizer and manure. Give suitable examples.

What are advantages of using fertilizer?

What are disadvantages of using fertilizer?

Explain the mechanism of compost formation.

Explain what will happen if in a cultivated field only manures are supplied and in another field only fertilizers are supplied, keeping all other conditions similar.

Define irrigation.

Why is irrigation essential?

Mention three effects of excessive irrigation.

Explain various types of irrigation systems in India.

How can efficiency of applied water be increased in agriculture.

Compare between mixed cropping and intercropping.

Explain the advantages of mixed cropping.

Write down advantage of intercropping technique.

Explain the various methods of crop improvement.

Name one improved variety of Rice, Maize, Soyabean, Sunflower and Mustard.

Discuss the various methods which are used to control plant diseases.

Explain the various preventive measures against insect pests.

What is feed?

What are different type of feed?

How is feed differ with respect to age and functions?

What is artificial insemination? Describe this technique.

Write a short note on prevention of animal diseases.

How bee colony works?

What values can be seen in the organisation of bee colony?

Write down the desirable characters of bee variety suitable for bee keeping.

What is pasturage?

How pasturage is related to honey production?

For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries and bee-keeping?

How do you differentiate between capture fisheries, inland fisheries and aquaculture?

Explain the role of workers in a bee colony.

Find out the wrong statement from the following:

Weeds affect the crop plants by

Animal husbandry is the scientific management of

1. animal breeding
2. culture of animals
3. animal livestock
4. rearing of animals

Find out the correct statement about manure:

1. Manure contains large quantities of organic matter and small quantities of nutrients.
2. It helps in draining out excess of water from clayey soil.
3. It increases the water holding capacity of sandy soil.
4. Its excessive use pollutes environment because it is made of animal excretory waste.

Which one of the following nutrients is not available in fertilizers?

Integrated farming practices combine agriculture with

The quality important in fruits and vegetables is ______.

A desirable characteristic of a fodder plant is ______.

Which one is abiotic stress?

Which ones are macronutrients?

The crops used in green manuring are ______.

Which one is a fodder crop?

Manure prepared with the help of earthworms is called ______.

Use of excess fertilizers causes pollution of

Growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same field without any order is ______.

Growing two or more crops in separate strips in the same field is ______.

The way of incorporating desirable characters into crop varieties is by ______.

Vitamins found in cow-milk are

Animals used for labour are ______.

What is blue revolution?

A hen breed yielding high number of eggs is ______.

Where does Rohu feeds in a fish pond?

Area for collection of nectar and pollen by honey bee is called ______.

Catla fish are ______.

Rhizobium is present in ______.

Opuntia weed can be eradicated by ______.

Which of the following have been artificially selected?

Which one of the following cow yields maximum milk/year?

The poultry birds groomed for obtaining meat are called ______.

Which one of the following is the fastest growing fish (carp)?

Gundhy bug is a pest of ______.

Which one of following is gaseous fumigant?

The principal cereal crop of India is ______.

Assertion (A): Silver carp feeds on phytoplankton.

Reason (R): Silver carp is a surface feeder.

Assertion (A): Bombay Duck is a marine fish.

Reason (R): It is caught from the sea using fishing nets from fishing boats.

Assertion (A): An egg-laying poultry is called layer.

Reason (R): The poultry reared for obtaining meat is called broiler.

Assertion (A): Lactation period is the period before birth of a calf.

Reason (R): There is maximum milk production during lactation period.

Assertion (A): Chemical pesticides and herbicides are used in agriculture to enhance yield.

Reason (R): They add to the benefit of organic farming.