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Differentiate between a DNA and a RNA nucleotide.
Concept: Properties of Genetic Material
Explain the role of histones in forming a nucleosome.
Concept: Packaging of DNA
Write any six salient features of the human genome as drawn from the human genome project.
Concept: Human Genome Project
Answer the following question.
Write the basis on which Alfred Sturtevant explained gene mapping.
Concept: Human Genome Project
Differentiate between the genetic codes given below:
Unambiguous and Universal
Concept: Genetic Code
Differentiate between the genetic codes given below:
Degenerate and Initiator
Concept: Genetic Code
Answer the following question.
List the two methodologies which were involved in the human genome project. Mention how they were used.
Concept: Human Genome Project
Answer the following question.
Describe the structure and function of a t-RNA molecule. Why is it referred to as an adapter molecule?
Concept: Genetic Code >> tRNA – the Adapter Molecule
Answer the following question.
Explain the process of splicing of hn-RNA in a eukaryotic cell.
Concept: The RNA World
The human chromosome with the highest and least number of genes in them are respectively ______.
Concept: Human Genome Project
Which of the following amino acid residues will constitute the histone core?
Concept: Packaging of DNA
(a) Identify the polarity of x to x’ in the diagram below and mention how many more amino acids are expected to be added to this polypeptide chain.
(b) Mention the codon and anticodon for alanine.
(c) Why are some untranslated sequences of bases seen in mRNA coding for a polypeptide? Where exactly are they present on mRNA?
Concept: Protein Synthesis >> Translation
Observe the segment of mRNA given below.
(a) Explain and illustrate the steps involved to make fully processed hnRNA?
(b) Gene encoding RNA Polymerase I and III have been affected by mutation in a cell. Explain its impact on the synthesis of a polypeptide, stating the reasons.
Concept: Protein Synthesis >> Process of Transcription in Bacteria
How does initiation of the translation process occur in prokaryotes? Explain.
Concept: Protein Synthesis >> Translation
Where are the untranslated regions located on mRNA and why?
Concept: Protein Synthesis >> Translation
Explain the process of binding of ribosomal units to mRNA during protein synthesis.
Concept: Protein Synthesis
A short piece of DNA, having 20 base pairs, was analyzed to find the number of nucleotide bases in each of the polynucleotide strands. Some of the results are shown in the table.
| Number of nucleotide bases | ||||
| Adenine | Cytosine | Guanine | Thymine | |
| Strand 1 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Strand 2 | 5 | |||
How many nucleotides containing Adenine were present in strand 2?
Concept: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) >> Structure of Polynucleotide Chain
What is the smallest part of a DNA molecule that can be changed by a point mutation?
Concept: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) >> Structure of Polynucleotide Chain
- Assertion: Ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the nucleus of the cell.
- Reason: It is translated with the enzyme RNA polymerase III.
Concept: Protein Synthesis >> Process of Transcription in Bacteria
The image below shows the result of plating bacteria in a chromogenic medium after incorporating the gene of interest in the plasmid. Some plates had blue colonies; some plates had white colonies. A single bacterium extracted from Plate I, II, and III is shown below:
On the basis of your observations:
- Identify the plate(s) which is/are white. Give a reason.
- Identify the plate(s) which is/are blue. Give a reason.
Concept: Regulation of Gene Expression
