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Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
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A language with an enormous range Al-Biruni described Sanskrit as follows: If you want to conquer this difficulty (i.e. to learn Sanskrit), you will not find it easy, because the language is of an enormous range, both in words and inflections, something like the Arabic, calling one and the same thing by various names, both original and derivative, and using one and the same word for a variety of subjects, which, in order to be properly understood, must be distinguished from each other by various qualifying epithets. |
- How did Al-Biruni compare Sanskrit with Arabic?
- Give an example of the work Al-Biruni translated in Arabic from Sanskrit.
- Analyse the reason of Sanskrit considered as a language with enormous range.
Concept: Making Sense of an Alien World Al-biruni and the Sanskritic Tradition
Read the following source and answer the questions that follow:
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Education and entertainment This is what Ibn Juzayy, who was deputed to write what Ibn Battuta dictated, said in his introduction. A gracious direction was transmitted (by the ruler) that he (Ibn Battuta) should dictate an account of the cities which he had seen in his travel, and of the interesting events which had clung to his memory, and that he should speak of those whom he had met of the rulers of countries, of their distinguished men of learning, and their pious saints. Accordingly, he dictated upon these subjects a narrative which gave entertainment to the mind and delight to the ears and eyes, with a variety of curious particulars by the exposition of which he gave edification and of marvellous things, by referring to which he aroused interest. |
- Why did the Sultan of Morocco insist Ibn Buttuta to dictate the story of his travel to Ibn Juzayy?
- Highlight the places Ibn Buttuta explored during his travel.
- What do Ibn Battuta's travel account reveal about the things he noted in India?
Concept: Ibn Battuta’s Rihla
Which of the following statements regarding 'Nath' sect of Medieval India is NOT correct?
Concept: The Chishtis in the Subcontinent
Match the following:
| List-I (Cult) |
List-II (Saints) |
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| A. | Alvar | 1. | Guru Gobind Singh |
| B. | Nayanar | 2. | Andal |
| C. | Sufism | 3. | Karaikkel-Ammaiyaar |
| D. | Sikhism | 4. | Baba Farid |
Concept: Poems of Prayer Early Traditions of Bhakti
Which one of the following statements regarding the Vedic tradition is incorrect?
Concept: A Mosaic of Religious Beliefs and Practices
Consider the following statements regarding the early traditions of Bhakti and select the correct ones:
- Historians draw on hagiographies of saints for knowing traditions.
- Many beliefs and practices were shaped through 'great' and 'little' Sanskritic Puranic traditions.
- Bhakti tradition was classified into two broad categories Saguna and Nirguna.
- God was worshipped with attributes in the Nirguna bhakti.
Concept: A Mosaic of Religious Beliefs and Practices
Arrange the following dynasties of the Vijayanagara Empire in chronological order:
- Sangama
- Aravidu
- Tuluva
- Saluva
Choose the correct option:
Concept: Rayas, Nayakas and Sultans
Why was Vijayanagar named as Hampi? Select the appropriate option from the following:
Concept: The Discovery of Hampi
Who among the following travellers was from Portugal?
Concept: Vijayanagara - the Capital and Its Environs
Which one of the following countries did 'Afanasi Nikitin' belong to?
Concept: Vijayanagara - the Capital and Its Environs
Which of the following statements regarding Krishnadeva Roy is incorrect?
Concept: Rayas, Nayakas and Sultans
Identify the given image of a temple from the following options:
Concept: The Sacred Centre
Which of the following are correctly matched?
- Cholas is Tamil Nadu
- Hoysala in Warangal
- Sultans of the Deccan
- Gajapati of Orissa
Concept: Rayas, Nayakas and Sultans
Why was Persian ambassador Abdur Razzaq greatly impressed by the fortifications of Vijayanagara empire? Explain.
Concept: Vijayanagara - the Capital and Its Environs
Which of the following crops were considered as jins-i-Kamil?
Concept: Peasants and Agricultural Production
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
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Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance,' attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects; and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Concept: The Ain-i Akbari of Abu’L Fazl Allami
On the given political outline map of India, a capital of the Mughal Empire is marked as 'A'. Identify it and name it on the line drawn near it.
Concept: Land Revenue System
Match the following:
| List-I (Lands in Mughal Empire) |
List-II (Features) |
| i. Polaj | A. Land always being cultivated |
| ii. Parauti | B. Land fallow for three to four years |
| iii. Chachhar | C. Land fallow a year |
| iv. Banjar | D. Land uncultivated for five years |
Concept: Land Revenue System
Which of the following informations are correct about Ain-i-Akbari?
- Written by Abdul Razi in Arabic language.
- Manzil-abadi, concerns the imperial household.
- Sipah-abadi, covers the military and civil administrations.
- Mulk-abadi, deals with the fiscal side of the empire.
Concept: The Ain-i Akbari of Abu’L Fazl Allami
How revenue from the land was the economic mainstay of the Mughal Empire? Explain with examples.
Concept: Land Revenue System
