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If a line makes angles α, β and γ with the coordinate axes, find the value of cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ.

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Question

If a line makes angles α, β and γ with the coordinate axes, find the value of cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ.

Sum
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Solution

\[ \text{ It is given that the the line makes angles } \alpha, \beta, \gamma \text{ with the coordinate axis }. \]

\[ \therefore l = \cos \alpha, m = \cos \beta \text{ and } n = \cos \gamma\]

\[ \Rightarrow l^2 + m^2 + n^2 = 1\]

\[ \Rightarrow \cos^2 \alpha + \cos^2 \beta + \cos^2 \gamma = 1 . . . \left( 1 \right)\]

\[\text{ Now} , \]

\[\cos^2\alpha + \cos^2\beta + \cos^2\gamma = \left( 2 \cos^2 \alpha - 1 \right) + \left( 2 \cos^2 \beta - 1 \right) + \left( 2 \cos^2 \gamma - 1 \right)\]

\[ = 2\left( \cos^2 \alpha + \cos^2 \beta + \cos^2 \gamma \right) - 3\]

\[ = 2\left( 1 \right) - 3 ............\left                   [ \text{ From }\left( 1\right) \right]\]

\[ = - 1\]

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Chapter 26: Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios - Very Short Answers [Page 25]

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