Key Points
Key Points: Group 15 Elements - The Nitrogen Family
General electronic configuration: ns² np³
| Element | Symbol | Configuration |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen | N | [He] 2s² 2p³ |
| Phosphorus | P | [Ne] 3s² 3p³ |
| Arsenic | As | [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³ |
| Antimony | Sb | [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ |
| Bismuth | Bi | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ |
- General Trends: Down the group → atomic size, density, boiling point increase, while ionisation enthalpy decreases.
- Melting Point Trend: Increases from N → As, then decreases from As → Bi.
- Electron Gain Enthalpy: Generally increases down the group (becomes more negative).
- Oxidation States: Show −3, +3, +5 → +5 stability decreases down the group due to the inert pair effect.
Important Compounds/Exceptions:
- PCl₅ exists as ionic solid → [PCl4]+[PCl6]−
- NF₃ is stable, while other trihalides are unstable
- Bond strength: PCl₃ > AsCl₃ > SbCl₃
Special Reactions:
- PH₃ is not spontaneously inflammable (unlike impure phosphine)
- With AgNO₃: forms Ag₃P (black ppt)
- With NH₃: forms (NH₄)₂PtCl₆ (yellow ppt)
Phosphorus Allotropes:
- White P: Reactive, glows in the dark (chemiluminescence), soluble in CS₂
- Red P: Stable, no glow
- Black P: Most stable, highest density, polymeric
Important Questions [29]
- Account for the Following : Nitrogen Does Not Form Pentahalide.
- What is the Action of Excess of Chlorine on Ammonia?
- What is Nessler’s reagent?
- What is the Action of the Following Reagents on Ammonia: Sodium Metal
- What Is the Action of Excess of Air on Ammonia?
- What is the Action of the Following Reagents on Ammonia: Nessler'S Reagent
- What Is the Action of Na Metal on Ammonia?
- Laboratory method of preparation of ammonia
- How is Nitric Acid Prepared by Ostwald’S Process?
- What is the Action of Hot/Concentrated Nitric Acid on - Arsenic
- Explain Brown Ring Test with the Help of Chemical Equation
- Fe2+ Ions React with Nitric Oxide Formed from Reduction of Nitrate and Yields a Brown Coloured Complex
- Calculate Molarity and Molality of 6.3% Solution of Nitric Acid Having Density 1.04 G Cm−3
- What is the Action of Hot/Concentrated Nitric Acid on - Antimony.
- Which of the Following is a Basic Oxide?
- Write Balanced Chemical Equations for Action of Potassium Permanganate on Hydrogen
- Explain why Mn2+ ion is more stable than Mn3+?
- Write Balanced Chemical Equations for Action of Potassium Permanganate on Warm Conc. Sulphuric Acid
- Write Balanced Chemical Equations For Flowers of Sulphur Boiled with Calcium Hydroxide
- Draw Structure and Write Geometry of Pcl3 and Pcl5.
- Write Balanced Chemical Equations For Action of Ozone on Hydrogen Peroxide.
- Draw the Structure of H4p2o6 Hypophosphoric Acid
- Draw the Structure Of: Pyrophosphoric Acid
- The Hybridisation of Phosphorus in Phosphorus Pentachloride is
- Draw the Structure Of: Orthophosphoric Acid
- Write Balanced Chemical Equations For Phosphorus Reacts with Magnesium
- How is Phosphine Prepared Using the Following Reagent? HCl
- How is Phosphine Prepared Using the Following Reagent? H2so4
- How is Phosphine Prepared Using the Following Reagent? Caustic Soda
