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Geography Official Board Paper 2025-2026 HSC Arts (English Medium) 12th Standard Board Exam Question Paper Solution

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Geography [Official Board Paper]
Marks: 80 Maharashtra State Board
HSC Arts (English Medium)

Academic Year: 2025-2026
Date & Time: 7th March 2026, 3:00 pm
Duration: 3h
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Note:

  1. All questions are compulsory.
  2. Draw relevant diagrams/graphs wherever necessary.
  3. Use of colour pencil is allowed.
  4. Use of map stencil is allowed.
  5. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
  6. Tie your supplement of map to your main answer sheet.

[20]1. | Answer the sub-questions as per given instructions:
[5]1. (A)

Complete the chain according to the co-relation of factors in column ‘A’ ‘B’ and ‘C’:

No. ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’
(1) Making maps (a) Delhi (l) Niger
(2) Administrative cities (b) Pampas (m) Small-Scale Industry
(3) Grass-Land Region (c) Observation (n) Skills of Geographer
(4) Toys (d) Bangladesh (o) New York
(5) Population Explosion (e) Paper industry (p) Argentina
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[5]1. (B) | Choose the correct option and complete the sentences:
[1]1. (B) (1)

Tertiary activities include ______.

Fishing

Sugar Industry

Animal Husbandry

Trade

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (2)

Human factors affecting the distribution of population -

Climate

Soils

Transportation

Relief

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (3)

A major crop of extensive commercial agriculture -

coffee

wheat

rice

medicinal plants

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (4)

Functional region -

Pune Metropolitan

Latur

Satara

Amravati

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (B) (5)

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is ______ type of establishment.

Joint Sector

Co-operative Sector

Public Sector

Private Sector

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[5]1. (C) | Answer the following questions as per given instructions:
[1]1. (C) (1)

Arrange the following industries in descending order based on capital investments -

  1. Small scale industry
  2. Micro scale industry
  3. Large scale industry
  4. Medium scale industry
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (2)

Identify the incorrect factor -

  1. Research
  2. Training
  3. Hunting
  4. Teaching
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (3)

Arrange the countries on the basis of their location from West to East -

  1. France
  2. India
  3. Japan
  4. U.S.A.
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (4)

Identify a country passing through the ‘late expanding stage’ of Demographic Transition Model/Theory-

  1. Germany
  2. Sweden
  3. Congo
  4. China
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (C) (5)

Ideal location for fishing fields -

  1. rugged coasts, shallow seas, hot climate, growth of planktons.
  2. shallow seas, confluence of warm and cold ocean currents, growth of planktons, cold climate.
  3. continental shelf, growth of planktons, good skill of fishing, warm climate.
  4. continental shell, broken coasts, growth of planktons, warm climate.
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (D) (1)

Write True or False:

Economic Geography is a branch of Human Geography.

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Chapter:
[1]1. (D) (2)

Write True or False:

Migration is not a component of population change.

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Chapter:
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[1]1. (D) (3)

Write True or False:

The area between urban and rural area is called urban rural fringe.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (D) (4)

Write True or False:

Various physical and human factors influence the development of agriculture.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (D) (5)

Write True or False:

Factors affecting industrial location are the same everywhere.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[12]2. | Give geographical reasons (Any FOUR):
[3]2. (1)

Give geographical reasons:

Fruit-processing industries are found in Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts of Konkan region.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [5] Secondary Economic Activities
[3]2. (2)

Give geographical reasons:

Himalaya mountain region have low population.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]2. (3)

Give geographical reasons:

Regional development is dependent on physical setting.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [7] Region and Regional Development
[3]2. (4)

Give geographical reasons:

Literacy rate of a country is an indicator of its socio-economic development.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [2] Population : Part - 2
[3]2. (5)

Give geographical reasons:

Not all rural settlements change into urban settlements.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [3] Human Settlements and Land Use
[3]2. (6)

Give geographical reasons:

Geographical diversity is responsible for trade to occur.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[9]3. | Differentiate between (Any THREE):
[3]3. (1)

Differentiate between donor region and recipient region.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [2] Population : Part - 2
[3]3. (2)

Differentiate between shifting agriculture and plantation agriculture.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]3. (3)

Differentiate between:

Waterways and Airways.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]3. (4)

Differentiate between physical geography and human geography.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [8] Geography : Nature and Scope
[3]3. (5)

Differentiate between formal regions and functional regions.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [7] Region and Regional Development
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[11]4.
[6]4. (A) | Mark and name the following on the outline map of the world with suitable index (Any SIX):

Mark and name the following on the outline map of the world with suitable index:

  1. Most populated city in India
  2. The country having highest sex-ratio in the world
  3. Grand Bank fishing area
  4. Lumbering area of Canada
  5. Any one industrial region in Japan
  6. Oil producing country in South America
  7. Major port in South Africa
  8. Trans Australian Railway route
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[5]4. (B)

Observe the pie-chart and answer the following:

Questions:

  1. Which continent has the highest population?
  2. Which continent has 9.69 percent of total population of the world?
  3. Which continent has the least population?
  4. How many percent of population is in Europe?
  5. Which continent is missing in this pie-chart? Why?
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[12]5. | Write notes on the following (Any THREE):
[4]5. (1)

Write a note on the following:

Reasons for migration.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]5. (2)

Write a note on the following:

Factors affecting regional imbalance in India.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]5. (3)

Write a short note on the correlation between birth rates and death rates. 

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]5. (4)

Write a note on the following:

Means of communication.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]5. (5)

Write a short note on the following:

Nature of Geography.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[8]6.
[4]6. (A)

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

More than 3,500 years back, the city of Knossos on the island of Crete was the main centre town of the Minuan civilization. By 500 BC, Greece had become one of the most highly urbanized areas on the Earth. The Greeks established over 500 cities and small towns on the main lands as well as on the islands. Athens and Sparta were the leading cities of Greece.

Athens may have been the largest city in the world at the time, with an estimated 2,50,000 inhabitants. The Greek cities were the centres of religion and power but also served as economic nodes. Cities were the main market places and bases from which wealthy merchants, land and livestock owners and traders operated. As educational centres, residents of cities included teachers and philosophers. They also had handicrafts industries that attracted the best crafts people and investors. In all of these roles, ancient cities were the anchors of cultural society; the focal points of power, authority and change.

Questions:

  1. Which was the largest city in the world during Greek period?
  2. State the role of Greek cities.
  3. What was the estimated population of Athens city?
  4. Which amenities and services were available in ancient Greek cities?
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]6. (B) | Draw neat, labelled diagrams (Any TWO):
[2]6. (B) (1)

Draw a diagram and label it:

Linear settlement

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [1] Population : Part - 1
[2]6. (B) (2)

Draw a neat and labelled diagram:

Provision of public goods and services to minimize regional imbalance.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]6. (B) (3)

Draw a neat, labelled diagram:

Branches of Human Geography

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[8]7. | Answer the following questions in detail (Any ONE):
[8]7. (1)

Explain the characteristics of extensive commercial grain farming with its distribution.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[8]7. (2)

Explain any five factors affecting the location of industries in India.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:

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