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Question
Write an explanation.
Group
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Solution
- Vertical columns are indeed called groups, and there are exactly 18 vertical columns in the Modern Periodic Table.
- This is the fundamental reason for chemical similarity. Elements in the same group share the same number of valence electrons (e.g., Group 1 elements have 1 valence electron, and Group 17 elements have 7), leading to highly similar chemical behaviours.
- As you move down a group, new electron shells are added. This increases the atomic size. Consequently, outer electrons are lost more easily, which causes the metallic character (electropositivity) to increase down the group.
- Group 1 elements (Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, etc.) are officially classified as alkali metals, and Group 17 elements (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, etc.) are halogens.
- Knowing an element's group lets you immediately predict its valency, typical oxidation states, and how it will bond with other elements.
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