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Question
What is the role of \[\ce{HNO3}\] in the nitrating mixture used for nitration of benzene?
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Solution
\[\ce{HNO3}\] acts as a base in the nitrating mixture \[\ce{(HNO3 + H2SO4)}\] and provides the electrophile.
\[\ce{HNO3 + H2SO4 -> \underset{Electrophile}{NO^{+}2 + HSO^{-}4} + H2O}\]
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