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Question
What do ‘Y’ and ‘B’ stand for in ‘YAC’ and ‘BAC’ used in the Human Genome Project (HGP)? Mention their role in the project.
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Solution
The Human Genome Project (HGP), ‘Y’ stands for Yeast and ‘B’ stands for Bacterial. Together with the rest of the acronym, they represent Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) and Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs).
Role in the Human Genome Project:
- Cloning Vectors: Both YACs and BACs were used as specialised vectors to carry and clone large fragments of human DNA.
- DNA Amplification: Since human DNA is too large to be sequenced all at once, it was broken into smaller fragments. These fragments were inserted into YACs and BACs, which then replicated inside host cells (yeast or bacteria) to create many copies of the DNA for easier study.
- Large Insert Capacity: They were essential because they could accommodate much larger DNA segments than standard plasmids. YACs can carry up to 1 million base pairs, while BACs typically handle around 100,000 to 300,000 base pairs.
- Mapping and Sequencing: These clones were used to create a physical map of the genome, allowing scientists to determine the correct order of the DNA sequences.
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Why is the Human Genome project called a mega project?
Define ‘genomics’. Give any ‘two’ applications of it.
Short Answer Question:
Write a note on Human genome project (HGP).
Identify the main aims of Human Genome Project.
I. Taking care of the legal, ethical and social issues which may arise from the project.
II. Transfer of the related technologies to the private sectors, such as industries.
III. To develop tools and techniques for analysis of the data.
IV. To store the information collected from the project in databases.
V. Mapping the entire human genome at the level of nucleotide sequences.
In which year the Human Genome Project was completed?
In which of the following year the Human Genome Project (HGP) was initiated?
The size of genome of Methanococcus is ____________.
Which was the last human chromosome to be completely sequenced?
Diploid chromosome number in humans is ______.
Of a normal couple, half the sons are haemophilic while half the daughters are carriers. The gene is located on ______.
Human genome consists of approximately ______.
Estimated number of genes in human beings is ______.
How has the sequencing of human genome opened new windows for treatment of various genetic disorders. Discuss amongst your classmates.
Give an account of the methods used in sequencing the human genome.
In what year was the Human Genome Project launched, and in what year was it completed?
Which two major U.S. organizations coordinated the Human Genome Project?
Which of the following is the first step in the methodology of the Human Genome Project?
What is the estimated number of genes in the human genome?
