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Question
What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.
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Solution
The infertile couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which are given below.
(i) Test Tube Baby Programmes: In this method, ova from the wife/donor (female) and the sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. This process is called in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
The zygote or early embryo with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube (process is called zygote intra fallopian transfer or ZIFT) and embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus (process is called intra uterine transfer or IUT).
In females who cannot conceive, embryos formed by fusion of gametes in another female (called in vivo fertilisation) are transferred.
(ii) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT): It is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of the embryo.
(iii) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): It is a procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory by directly injecting the sperm into an ovum.
(iv) Artificial Insemination (AI): In this method, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus (intrauterine insemination or IUI).
This technique is used in cases where the male is unable to inseminate sperms in the female reproductive tract or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculation.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
State True/False with explanation.
Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner.
Correct the following statement:
In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
Multiple choice question.
Test tube baby technique is called _______.
Fill in the blank:
The disc-like structure which helps in the transfer of substances to and from the fetus’s body is called _______.
The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gametes into the fallopian tube, can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result? Explain.
In ______ the egg is first fertilized outside the body and then it is inserted into the oviduct.
The highly sophisticated procedure of directly injecting a sperm into an egg is called ______.
In case of a couple where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation?
A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is ______.
Which of the following is ART?
Which method can be used for women that cannot produce ovum but can provide suitable environment?
The first case of IVF-ET technique success, was reported by ______.
ZIFT is transfer of ______.
What is correct for test tube baby?
Trace the events from copulation to zygote formation in a human female.
Expand the term ZIFT.
The ______ is also called the womb.
Which one of the following choices reflects the correct number of chromosomes in the zygote and in the second polar body of Drosophila melanogaster?
| Zygote | Meiocytes | |
| I | 08 | 08 |
| II | 04 | 08 |
| III | 08 | 04 |
| IV | 04 | 04 |
