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Question
What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.
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Solution
The infertile couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which are given below.
(i) Test Tube Baby Programmes: In this method, ova from the wife/donor (female) and the sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. This process is called in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
The zygote or early embryo with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube (process is called zygote intra fallopian transfer or ZIFT) and embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus (process is called intra uterine transfer or IUT).
In females who cannot conceive, embryos formed by fusion of gametes in another female (called in vivo fertilisation) are transferred.
(ii) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT): It is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of the embryo.
(iii) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): It is a procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory by directly injecting the sperm into an ovum.
(iv) Artificial Insemination (AI): In this method, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus (intrauterine insemination or IUI).
This technique is used in cases where the male is unable to inseminate sperms in the female reproductive tract or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculation.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Correct the following statement:
In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
Write a brief note on the causes of infertility.
Expand the following:
ZIFT
Explain one application of the following:
ZIFT
Fill in the blank:
Gonorrhoea is caused by _______ bacteria.
Explain any three methods that can be used to overcome infertility.
In which technique of ART is a single sperm injected directly into the cytoplasm of the ovum?
Which Artificial Reproductive Technique can help a lady conceive a child if both her fallopian tubes are blocked?
The highly sophisticated procedure of directly injecting a sperm into an egg is called ______.
Test-tube baby is one who ______.
Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of ______.
Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure.
Artificial insemination means ______.
Which method can be used for women that cannot produce ovum but can provide suitable environment?
Which of these can be used to cure infertility in couples where male partner has very low sperm count?
ZIFT stands for ______
In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to exist those females who cannot conceive?
Placed below are case studies of some couples who were not able to have kids. These couples are not ready for adoption or taking gametes from donors. After thoroughly examining the cases, which Assisted Reproductive Technology will you suggest to these couples as a medical expert? Explain briefly with justification of each case.
| Couple | Test reports of Female partner |
Test reports of male partner |
| Couple 1 | Normal reports | Normal sperms in testes, Missing connection in epididymis and Vas deferens. |
| Couple 2 | Blockage in the fallopian tube | Normal reports |
| Couple 3 | Normal reports | Poor semen parameters in terms of count, motility and morphology. |
| Couple 4 | low ovarian reserve | Normal reports |
| Couple 5 | Sterilization in male | Morphologically abnormal sperms |
Write the long form of GIFT.
Give a term for the following:
An ART in which eggs are removed from the ovary of the female, fertilised and then placed in her fallopian tube.
