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प्रश्न
What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.
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उत्तर
The infertile couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which are given below.
(i) Test Tube Baby Programmes: In this method, ova from the wife/donor (female) and the sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. This process is called in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
The zygote or early embryo with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube (process is called zygote intra fallopian transfer or ZIFT) and embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus (process is called intra uterine transfer or IUT).
In females who cannot conceive, embryos formed by fusion of gametes in another female (called in vivo fertilisation) are transferred.
(ii) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT): It is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of the embryo.
(iii) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): It is a procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory by directly injecting the sperm into an ovum.
(iv) Artificial Insemination (AI): In this method, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus (intrauterine insemination or IUI).
This technique is used in cases where the male is unable to inseminate sperms in the female reproductive tract or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculation.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
An infertile couple is advised to adopt test-tube baby programme. Describe two principle procedures adopted for such technologies.
Expand the following:
ZIFT
Give four causes of infertility in males.
Fill in the blank:
The hormone produced by the testis is _______.
Explain any three methods that can be used to overcome infertility.
Expand the following.
ZIFT
Expand the following.
ICSI
In which technique of ART is a single sperm injected directly into the cytoplasm of the ovum?
In ______ the egg is first fertilized outside the body and then it is inserted into the oviduct.
The highly sophisticated procedure of directly injecting a sperm into an egg is called ______.
In case of a couple where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation?
Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of ______.
Artificial insemination means ______.
The test-tube baby programme employs which one of the following techniques?
Briefly explain IVF and ET What are the conditions in which these methods are advised?
An infertile couple was advised to undergo In vitro fertilization by the doctor. Out of the options given below, select the correct stage for transfer to the fallopian tube for successful results.
Trace the events from copulation to zygote formation in a human female.
Given below are Column A with a list of certain Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and in Column B the procedures followed during ART:
| Column A | Column B | ||
| S. No. | Names of ART | S. No. | Procedures |
| (A) | GIFT | (i) | Transfer of ovum from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female. |
| (B) | ICSI | (ii) | Transfer of semen from the donor into the vagina of the female. |
| (C) | ZIFT | (iii) | Injecting sperm directly into the ovum. |
| (D) | IUI | (iv) | Transfer of early embryos into the fallopian tube. |
Choose the option where ART correctly matches with the procedure.
