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प्रश्न
What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.
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उत्तर
The infertile couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which are given below.
(i) Test Tube Baby Programmes: In this method, ova from the wife/donor (female) and the sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. This process is called in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
The zygote or early embryo with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube (process is called zygote intra fallopian transfer or ZIFT) and embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus (process is called intra uterine transfer or IUT).
In females who cannot conceive, embryos formed by fusion of gametes in another female (called in vivo fertilisation) are transferred.
(ii) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT): It is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of the embryo.
(iii) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): It is a procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory by directly injecting the sperm into an ovum.
(iv) Artificial Insemination (AI): In this method, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus (intrauterine insemination or IUI).
This technique is used in cases where the male is unable to inseminate sperms in the female reproductive tract or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculation.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
A large number of married couples the world over are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often blamed for the couple being childless.
- Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations in India? Mention any two values that you as a biology student can promote to check this social evil.
- State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.
- Suggest a technique that can help the couple to have a child where the problem is with male partner.
After a brief medical examination a healthy couple came to know that both of them are unable to produce functional gametes and should look for an ‘ART’ (Assisted Reproductive Technique). Name the ‘ART’ and the procedure involved that you can suggest to them to help them bear a child.
State True/False with explanation.
Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner.
Expand the following:
ZIFT
Give four causes of infertility in males.
Fill in the blank:
The disc-like structure which helps in the transfer of substances to and from the fetus’s body is called _______.
The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gametes into the fallopian tube, can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result? Explain.
Generally the zygote or early embryo with how many blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian for further development, in IVF?
AI is the preferred technique used incase of ____________.
Which Artificial Reproductive Technique can help a lady conceive a child if both her fallopian tubes are blocked?
In ______ the egg is first fertilized outside the body and then it is inserted into the oviduct.
In case of a couple where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation?
A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is ______.
ZIFT stands for ______
Mention the primary aim of the “Assisted Reproductive Technology” (ART) programme.
Trace the events from copulation to zygote formation in a human female.
Which one of the following choices reflects the correct number of chromosomes in the zygote and in the second polar body of Drosophila melanogaster?
| Zygote | Meiocytes | |
| I | 08 | 08 |
| II | 04 | 08 |
| III | 08 | 04 |
| IV | 04 | 04 |
