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Show that nrnrnrnrnrnrn!r!(n-r)!+n!(r-1)!(n-r+1)!=(n+1)!r!(n-r+1)!

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Question

Show that `("n"!)/("r"!("n" - "r")!) + ("n"!)/(("r" - 1)!("n" - "r" + 1)!) = (("n" + 1)!)/("r"!("n" - "r" + 1)!)`

Sum
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Solution

L.H.S. = `("n"!)/("r"!("n" - "r")!) + ("n"!)/(("r" - 1)!("n" - "r" + 1)!)`

= `"n"![1/("r"("r" - 1)!("n" - "r")!) + 1/(("r" - 1)!("n" - "r" + 1)("n" - "r")!)]`

= `("n"!)/(("r" - 1)!("n" - "r")!)[1/"r" + 1/("n" - "r" + 1)]`

= `("n"!)/(("r" - 1)!("n" - "r")!)[("n" - "r" + 1 + "r")/("r"("n" - "r" + 1))]`

= `("n"!)/(("r" - 1)!("n" - "r")!)[("n" + 1)/("r"("n" - "r" + 1))]`

= `(("n" + 1)"n"!)/(["r"("r" - 1)!][("n" - "r" + 1)("n" - "r")!])`

= `(("n" + 1)!)/("r"!("n" - "r" + 1)!)`

= R.H.S.

Hence, `("n"!)/("r"!("n" - "r")!) + ("n"!)/(("r" - 1)!("n" - "r" + 1)!) = (("n" + 1)!)/("r"!("n" - "r" + 1)!)`

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Chapter 3: Permutations and Combination - Exercise 3.2 [Page 50]

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