Question

Match the items of column I with items of column II.

	Column I	Column II
(i)	Antifreeze used in car engine	(a) Neutral ferric chloride
(ii)	Solvent used in perfumes	(b) Glycerol
(iii)	Starting material for picric acid	(c) Methanol
(iv)	Wood spirit	(d) Phenol
(v)	Reagent used for detection of phenolic group	(e) Ethleneglycol
(vi)	By product of soap industry used in cosmetics	(f) Ethanol

Answer 1

	Column I	Column II
(i)	Antifreeze used in car engine	(e) Ethleneglycol
(ii)	Solvent used in perfumes	(f) Ethanol
(iii)	Starting material for picric acid	(d) Phenol
(iv)	Wood spirit	(c) Methanol
(v)	Reagent used for detection of phenolic group	(a) Neutral ferric chloride
(vi)	By product of soap industry used in cosmetics	(b) Glycerol

Explanation:

(i) IUPAC name of ethylene glycol is ethane-1, 2-diol. It is primarily used as raw material in the manufacturing of polyester fibers and fabric industry. A small percentage of it is used in antifreeze formulations.

(ii) Ethanol is a good solvent for fatty and waxy substances. Fats and waxes provide odour to the perfumes. Apart from being a good solvent, it is less irritating to the skin. So, it is used in perfumes.

(iii) Phenol is converted into picric acid (2, 4, 6-trinitro-phenol) by the reaction of phenol with cone. \[\ce{HNO3}\].

(iv) Methanol, \[\ce{CH3OH}\] is also known as ‘wood spirit’ as it was produced by the destructive distillation of wood.

(v) Neutral ferric chloride give purple/red colour when treated with phenols. It is the reagent used for detection of phenolic group.

(vi) Soaps are prepared by the reactions of fatty acid with \[\ce{NaOH}\].

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{O}\phantom{..........................................}\\
||\phantom{..........................................}\\
\ce{CH2 - O - C - OC17H35}\phantom{...........................}\phantom{.......}\ce{CH2OH}\phantom{.}\\
\phantom{.}
\phantom{.........}|\phantom{..........}\ce{O}\phantom{.............................................}|\phantom{.................}\\
||\phantom{...........................................}\\
\ce{CH - O - C - OC17H35 + 3NaOH -> \underset{(soap)}{\underset{Sodium stearate}{3C17H35COONa}} + CHOH}\phantom{..}\\
\phantom{..}|\phantom{.........................................................}|\phantom{.........}\\
\phantom{}\ce{CH2 - O - C -OC17H35}\phantom{..................................}\ce{\underset{Glycerol}{CH2OH}}\phantom{}\\
||\phantom{........................................}\\
\ce{O}\phantom{........................................}\\
\end{array}\]

The glycerol (propan-1, 2, 3-triol) is the by product of saop industry and used in cosmetics.